Improving Cognitive Empathy Through Traumatic Brain Injury Experiential Learning: A Novel Mixed Methods Approach for Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Education.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to gauge the impacts of cognitive empathy training experiential learning on traumatic brain injury (TBI) knowledge, awareness, confidence, and empathy in a pilot study of speech-language pathology graduate students.

Method: A descriptive quasi-experimental convergent parallel mixed methods design intervention pilot study (QUAL + QUANT) was conducted with a diverse convenience sample of 19 first- and second-year speech-language pathology graduate students who engaged in a half-day TBI point-of-view simulation. The simulation was co-constructed through a participatory design with those living with TBI based on Kolb's experiential learning model and followed the recommendations for point-of-view simulation ethics.

Systemic Arterial Oxygen Levels Differentiate Pre- and Post-capillary Predominant Hemodynamic Abnormalities During Exercise in Undifferentiated Dyspnea on Exertion.

Background: Whether systemic oxygen levels (SaO) during exercise can provide a window into invasively derived exercise hemodynamic profiles in patients with undifferentiated dyspnea on exertion is unknown.

Methods: We performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing with invasive hemodynamic monitoring and arterial blood gas sampling in individuals referred for dyspnea on exertion. Receiver operator analysis was performed to distinguish heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Mild vs. moderate: How behavioral speech measures predict metacognitive capacity across different levels of formal thought disorder.

Disorganized speech is a key component of formal thought disorder (FTD) in schizophrenia. Recent work has tied disorganized speech to deficits in metacognition, or one's ability to integrate experiences to form complex mental representations. The level of FTD at which differences in metacognitive capacity emerge remains unclear.

Reevaluating methods reporting practices to improve reproducibility: an analysis of methodological rigor for the Langendorff whole heart technique.

In recent decades, the scientific community has seen an increased interest in rigor and reproducibility. In 2017, concerns about methodological thoroughness and reporting practices were implicated as significant barriers to reproducibility within the preclinical cardiovascular literature, particularly in studies using animal research. The Langendorff, whole heart technique has proven to be an invaluable research tool, being modified in a myriad of ways to probe questions across the spectrum of physiological and pathophysiological functions of the heart.

Exercise Blood Pressure in Heart Failure With Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate hemodynamic correlates of inducible blood pressure (BP) pulsatility with exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), to identify relationships to outcomes, and to compare this with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Background: In HFpEF, determinants and consequences of exercise BP pulsatility are not well understood.

Methods: We measured exercise BP in 146 patients with HFpEF who underwent invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Current Practices Among Speech-Language Pathologists for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Mixed-Methods Modified Delphi Approach.

Purpose The study purpose was to capture the clinical practice patterns of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) treating mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; concussion). Study aims were to (a) characterize expert SLP practice patterns for the management of mTBI and (b) use qualitative content analysis to explore areas of quantitative variability within participants' responses. Method Using a modified Delphi approach, SLPs completed an online survey, with Round 1 responses shaping questions for Round 2.

Prospective Exploration of Cognitive-Communication Changes With Woodcock-Johnson IV Before and After Sport-Related Concussion.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in cognitive-communication performance using Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests (WJIV) from pre-injury baseline to post sport-related concussion. It was hypothesized that individual subtest performances would decrease postinjury in symptomatic individuals. Method This prospective longitudinal observational nested cohort study of collegiate athletes assessed cognitive-communicative performance at preseason baseline and postinjury.

Social functioning in schizotypy: How affect influences social behavior in daily life.

Objective: Social deficits are already exhibited by people at risk for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Technological advances have made passive detection of social deficits possible at granular levels.

Method: In this real-world study, we tested if schizotypy status (high/low) predicted two types of social behavior: (1) being around other people; and (2) actively socializing with others.

Sex Differences in Cardiometabolic Traits and Determinants of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Importance: Sex differences in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have been established, but insights into the mechanistic drivers of these differences are limited.

Objective: To examine sex differences in cardiometabolic profiles and exercise hemodynamic profiles among individuals with HFpEF.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a single-center tertiary care referral hospital from December 2006 to June 2017 and included 295 participants who met hemodynamic criteria for HFpEF based on invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing results.

Differential Clinical Profiles, Exercise Responses, and Outcomes Associated With Existing HFpEF Definitions.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is common, yet there is currently no consensus on how to define HFpEF according to various society and clinical trial criteria. How clinical and hemodynamic profiles of patients vary across definitions is unclear. We sought to determine clinical characteristics, as well as physiologic and prognostic implications of applying various criteria to define HFpEF.

Speech production and disorganization in schizotypy: Investigating the role of cognitive and affective systems.

Diminished productivity and elevated disorganization have been detected in the speech of individuals with schizotypy. However, the underlying mechanisms for these disruptions are not well understood. Separate lines of research suggest potential contributions from cognitive and affective systems.

The Role of Speech-Language Pathology in an Interdisciplinary Care Model for Persistent Symptomatology of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

The Marcus Institute for Brain Health (MIBH) provides interdisciplinary care for adults struggling with persistent effects of mild traumatic brain injury and accompanying changes in behavioral health, with specific emphases on Veterans and retired elite athletes. The cognitive, physical, and behavioral symptoms associated with mild traumatic brain injury are interrelated, with neurobiopsychosocial modeling encompassing the factors related to recovery from a traumatic brain injury. The diffuse impacts of chronic concussive injuries require multiple clinical providers to address the breadth of symptoms, facilitating both interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary care models.

Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure Patterns During Exercise Predict Exercise Capacity and Incident Heart Failure.

Background: Single measurements of left ventricular filling pressure at rest lack sensitivity for identifying heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with dyspnea on exertion. We hypothesized that exercise hemodynamic measurements (ie, changes in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP] indexed to cardiac output [CO]) may more sensitively differentiate HFpEF and non-HFpEF disease states, reflect aerobic capacity, and forecast heart failure outcomes in individuals with normal PCWP at rest.

Methods And Results: We studied 175 patients referred for cardiopulmonary exercise testing with hemodynamic monitoring: controls (n=33), HFpEF with resting PCWP≥15 mm Hg (n=32), and patients with dyspnea on exertion with normal resting PCWP and left ventricular ejection fraction (DOE-nlrW; n=110).