Measuring food security in university students: A comparison of the USDA 10-item and six-item food security survey modules.

We examined discordant food security (FS) status classification between the USDA 10-item and six-item FS Survey Modules (FSSMs) among students at a U.S. university.

Benefits of using both the Hunger Vital Sign and brief nutrition security screener in health-related social needs screening.

Food security is a commonly screened for health-related social need at hospitals and community settings, and until recently, there were no tools to additionally screen for nutrition security. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential advantage of including a one-item brief nutrition security screener (BNSS) alongside the commonly used two-item Hunger Vital Sign (HVS) food security screener for identifying individuals with diet-related health risks. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from April to June 2021.

High Prevalence of Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase in American Indian Children Seen in a Pediatric Weight Management Clinic.

Introduction: Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) can indicate risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. However, there is little data about the prevalence of elevated ALT in American Indian (AI) children.

Methods: Baseline data from children attending the pediatric weight management clinic were used to describe the prevalence of elevated ALT, stratified by race and ethnicity.

Practicing COVID-19 Public Health Measures Is Associated With Anxiety and Depression in Undergraduate University Students.

Background: COVID-19 has affected mental health globally, increasing depression and anxiety. This study examined relationships between practicing COVID-19-related public health measures and depression and anxiety in young adult students.

Methods: A sample of 755 undergraduate students 18-25 years of age at a large public university completed a cross-sectional survey in fall 2020 during the pandemic (response rate = 18.

Dietetics Students' Perceptions of Academic and Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study examined dietetics students' perceptions of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacts on academics and mental and physical health. Data were collected via a cross-sectional online survey in February to March 2021 from undergraduate dietetics students across the United States. Among the 526 students who participated, during the fall 2020 semester, 87% experienced increased stress, 64% reported mental health concerns, and 32% reported disordered eating.

Basic Needs Insecurities Are Associated with Anxiety, Depression, and Poor Health Among University Students in the State of New Mexico.

Basic needs insecurities affect university students disproportionately and may impact health and academic performance. This study examined associations between food insecurity (FI), housing insecurity (HI) and a novel basic needs insecurity score, and mental and physical health among university students. Eight-thousand undergraduate and postgraduate students at a large university in the southwestern U.

Food Security, Access, and Challenges in New Mexico during COVID-19.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted food systems and economies across the United States. Public health measures, including stay-at-home orders, led to employment disruptions and food system shocks that increased barriers to food access.

Objectives: We aimed to examine food insecurity and food access challenges in New Mexico (NM) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dietetics students' perceptions of classroom-based learning activities.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics requires that undergraduate dietetics courses utilize a variety of educational approaches to facilitate learning. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate undergraduate nutrition students' perceptions of 16 classroom-based learning activities before and after taking an upper-level nutrition course.

Methods: A survey was completed by students before and after taking an upper-level nutrition course, Methods in Nutrition Education, at a single university in the southwest region of the United States in fall 2016 and 2017.

A Multi-Site Analysis of the Prevalence of Food Insecurity in the United States, before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly affected food systems including food security. Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted food security is important to provide support and identify long-term impacts and needs.

Objective: The National Food Access and COVID research Team (NFACT) was formed to assess food security over different US study sites throughout the pandemic, using common instruments and measurements.

Food approach and avoidance appetitive traits in university students: A latent profile analysis.

Eating behaviors are influenced by many factors including appetitive traits. Few studies have utilized latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine food approach and food avoidance appetitive traits. This study utilized LPA to define cluster profile groups based on appetitive traits in undergraduate and graduate/professional students at a large University in the southwest United States.

Physical Activity Behavior and Mental Health Among University Students During COVID-19 Lockdown.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic placed social, travel, school access, and learning restrictions on University students. Excessive restriction measures have been shown to have negative impacts on mental health. Physical activity preserves mental health, and may be useful during quarantines.

Exercise as a Useful Intervention to Reduce Alcohol Consumption and Improve Physical Fitness in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This meta-analysis and systematic review examined the effects of exercise interventions on alcohol consumption and binge drinking in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus, and ERIC databases. Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials published in English between 1970 and 2021.

Anxiety is associated with appetitive traits in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: COVID-19 has impacted mental health globally, however, associations between anxiety and appetitive traits during the pandemic are unreported. This study evaluated anxiety symptom severity and associations with appetitive traits in students at a large public University in the U.S.

Emergency medicine physicians' knowledge and perceptions of training, education, and resources in eating disorders.

Background: Feeding and eating disorders present with a variety of medical complications, some of which may be life-threatening. Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians may interact with patients with eating disorders, however, EM physicians' knowledge and perceptions of resources for treating patients with eating disorders have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to explore previous training/education, perceptions of available resources, and educational needs in treating eating disorders in practicing EM physicians.

Food insecurity in females with phenylketonuria.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder characterized by insufficient metabolism of phenylalanine. Depending on severity, patients follow a low-phenylalanine diet and may consume medical food (MF) and low-protein modified foods; dietary and medical treatment can be expensive. This study assessed prevalence of food insecurity (FI), the lack of resources to access enough nutritious food to have an active, healthy life, in females with PKU and examined associations with diet and metabolic control.

Motivational Interviewing to Treat Adolescents With Obesity: A Meta-analysis.

Context: Successful treatment approaches are needed for obesity in adolescents. Motivational interviewing (MI), a counseling approach designed to enhance behavior change, shows promise in promoting healthy lifestyle changes.

Objective: Conduct a systematic review of MI for treating overweight and obesity in adolescents and meta-analysis of its effects on anthropometric and cardiometabolic outcomes.

Telemedicine-Based Health Coaching Is Effective for Inducing Weight Loss and Improving Metabolic Markers.

Background: To assess the efficacy of health coaching (HC) delivered through videoconferencing (VC) to favorably change physical activity (PA), weight, and metabolic markers in adults with high body mass index (BMI).

Materials And Methods: Thirty adults (BMI ≥30 kg/m) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: VC, in-person (IP), or control group (CG). Participants received wireless watches and weight scales to sync with their personal smartphones; recorded data were wirelessly uploaded to a secure database.

Development of newborn screening connect (NBS connect): a self-reported patient registry and its role in improvement of care for patients with inherited metabolic disorders.

Background: Newborn Screening Connect (NBS Connect) is a web-based self-reported patient registry and resource for individuals and families affected by disorders included in the newborn screening panel. NBS Connect was launched in 2012 by Emory University after years of planning and grassroots work by professionals, consumers, and industry. Individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) or tyrosinemia (TYR) have been recruited through distribution of outreach materials, presentations at parent organization meetings and direct recruitment at clinic appointments.

Protein intake and physical activity are associated with body composition in individuals with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.

Objective: Determine whether body composition as it relates to dietary protein in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency is associated with genotype, dietary factors, and lifestyle choices.

Methods: We examined associations between protein intake (intact and medical foods: MF) and body composition in PAH-deficient patients along with, physical activity, and genotype. Protein intakes (total, intact, and MF) were analysed from three-day food records with Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) in 59 children and 27 adults (N=86, median age=16.

Impact of Dietary Intake on Bone Turnover in Patients with Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency.

Unlabelled: Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency is a genetic disorder characterized by deficiency of the PAH enzyme. Patients follow a phenylalanine-restricted diet low in intact protein, and must consume synthetic medical food (MF) to supply phenylalanine-free protein. We assessed relationships between dietary intake and nutrient source (food or MF) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTM) in PAH deficiency.

Modeling correlates of low bone mineral density in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder requiring life-long restriction of dietary protein and phenylalanine-free medical food. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is reported, but factors associated with BMD Z-score (standard deviations from normal) are unknown. We examined associations between clinical and dietary parameters and total BMD Z-score in PAH deficiency patients, and developed models to predict Z-score.

The role of evidence analysts in creating nutrition management guidelines for inherited metabolic disorders.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: Evidence and consensus-based guidelines for nutrition management of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) were developed as part of a project to create nutrition guidelines for inherited metabolic disorders identified through newborn screening. The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the role of evidence analysts in the systematic review phase of guideline development to improve quality of process and output and inform future guideline development projects.

Methods: Recruitment, training and output of evidence analysts were documented throughout the MSUD project.

High-dose cholecalciferol reduces parathyroid hormone in patients with early chronic kidney disease: a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency contributes to secondary hyperparathyroidism, which occurs early in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objectives: We aimed to determine whether high-dose cholecalciferol supplementation for 1 y in early CKD is sufficient to maintain optimal vitamin D status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration ≥30 ng/mL) and decrease serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). A secondary aim was to determine the effect of cholecalciferol on blood pressure and serum fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23).