Differential diagnosis: Understanding nonverbal learning disorder and autism spectrum disorder.

Previous research has suggested that children with Nonverbal Learning Disorder (NLD) share similar clinical profiles to those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Three groups of children were identified for the purpose of the current study: NLD ( = 41), ASD ( = 55), and ASD with a NLD profile ( = 17). Children who met DSM-5 criteria for ASD after a neuropsychological evaluation were included in this sample.

Child with acute weakness: don't forget the salts.

Case summaryA 10-year-old boy presented with severe progressive generalised weakness on a background of 3 days of diarrhoea and vomiting. Vital signs were normal. Peripheral neurological examination revealed grade 1-2 power in all limbs, hypotonia and hyporeflexia.

Improvements in Physical Activity Opportunities: Results From a Community-Based Family Child Care Intervention.

Introduction: Reaching preschool-aged children to establish healthy lifestyle habits, including physical activity, is an important component of obesity prevention efforts. However, few studies have examined family child care homes where nearly 1 million children receive care.

Study Design: A pre- and post-intervention evaluation without a control group was conducted to evaluate what changes occurred in family child care homes that participated in the Healthy Eating and Active Living project, a multicomponent obesity prevention initiative, focused on community-driven policy and environmental change in neighborhoods within Kaiser Permanente service areas.

Changes in Nutrition Policies and Dietary Intake in Child Care Homes Participating in Healthy Eating and Active Living Initiative.

Introduction: From 2012 to 2014, a total of 17 family child care homes participated in a multisector, community-wide initiative to prevent obesity. Strategies included staff workshops, materials, site visits, and technical assistance regarding development and implementation of nutrition policies. The purpose of the evaluation was to examine the impact of the initiative on family child care home nutrition-related policies and practices and child dietary intake.

Changes in Consumer Purchases in Stores Participating in an Obesity Prevention Initiative.

Introduction: From 2011 to 2014, small stores in three communities participated in a community-wide obesity prevention initiative. The study aimed to determine how participation in the initiative influenced store environments and consumer purchases.

Study Design: Pre- and post-intervention without control.

A Community-Level Initiative to Prevent Obesity: Results From Kaiser Permanente's Healthy Eating Active Living Zones Initiative in California.

Introduction: A growing number of health systems are leading health promotion efforts in their wider communities. What impact are these efforts having on health behaviors and ultimately health status? This paper presents evaluation results from the place-based Kaiser Permanente Healthy Eating Active Living Zones obesity prevention initiative, implemented in 2011-2015 in 12 low-income communities in Kaiser Permanente's Northern and Southern California Regions.

Methods: The Healthy Eating Active Living Zones design targeted places and people through policy, environmental, and programmatic strategies.

Neurology advanced practice providers: A position paper of the American Academy of Neurology.

There are many factors driving health care reform, including unsustainable costs, poor outcomes, an aging populace, and physician shortages. These issues are particularly relevant to neurology. New reimbursement models are based on value and facilitated by the use of multidisciplinary teams.

Examining nutrition among a sample of 3- to 5-year-old children living in rural Jamaica.

Background: The period of early childhood, defined as three to five years of age, is an important and distinct stage in childhood development. Changes in dietary patterns and composition of diets are exposing children in developing countries to over-nutrition as well as under-nutrition.

Objective: To describe the nutritional status, dietary patterns, and socio-economic conditions of three to five-year-old children living in rural Jamaica.

PAT-1 (Slc26a6) is the predominant apical membrane Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in the upper villous epithelium of the murine duodenum.

Basal HCO(3)(-) secretion across the duodenum has been shown in several species to principally involve the activity of apical membrane Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger(s). To investigate the identity of relevant anion exchanger(s), experiments were performed using wild-type (WT) mice and mice with gene-targeted deletion of the following Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchangers localized to the apical membrane of murine duodenal villi: Slc26a3 [down-regulated in adenoma (DRA)], Slc26a6 [putative anion transporter 1 (PAT-1)], and Slc4a9 [anion exchanger 4 (AE4)]. RT-PCR of the isolated villous epithelium demonstrated PAT-1, DRA, and AE4 mRNA expression.

Talniflumate increases survival in a cystic fibrosis mouse model of distal intestinal obstructive syndrome.

Intestinal disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) mice closely mirrors aspects of obstructive syndromes in CF patients. The pathogenesis involves accumulation of mucoid debris in the crypts that fuse with intestinal content to form obstructing mucofeculant impactions. Treatment involves modalities that increase the fluidity of the luminal content, such as osmotic laxatives and liquid diets.

Chloride conductance of CFTR facilitates basal Cl-/HCO3- exchange in the villous epithelium of intact murine duodenum.

Villi of the proximal duodenum are situated for direct exposure to gastric acid chyme. However, little is known about active bicarbonate secretion across villi that maintains the protective alkaline mucus barrier, a process that may be compromised in cystic fibrosis (CF), i.e.

Lateral intercellular space volume as a determinant of CFTR-mediated anion secretion across small intestinal mucosa.

Studies of full-thickness, small intestinal preparations have shown that maximal anion secretion [indexed by short-circuit current (I(sc))] during intracellular cAMP (cAMP(i)) stimulation is transient and followed by a decline toward baseline. Declining I(sc) is preceded by decreases in transepithelial conductance (G(t)), which in the small intestine reflects the lateral intercellular space (LIS) volume of the paracellular pathway. We hypothesized that decreases in LIS volume limit the magnitude and duration of cAMP(i)-stimulated anion secretion.

Abnormal Paneth cell granule dissolution and compromised resistance to bacterial colonization in the intestine of CF mice.

Paneth cells of intestinal crypts contribute to host defense by producing antimicrobial peptides that are packaged as granules for secretion into the crypt lumen. Here, we provide evidence using light and electron microscopy that postsecretory Paneth cell granules undergo limited dissolution and accumulate within the intestinal crypts of cystic fibrosis (CF) mice. On the basis of this finding, we evaluated bacterial colonization and expression of two major constituents of Paneth cells, i.