Qualitative Analysis of Intern Applications and its Relationship to Performance.

This study aimed to identify qualitative aspects of small animal veterinary internship applications that are associated with relative intern performance. This study took place with data collected on small animal interns from the 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018 intern classes from four different institutions. Applicants were divided into top-performers and bottom-performers by sorting the calculated overall scores from highest to lowest, labeling the top half of interns as "top-performers," and the lower half of interns as "bottom-performers.

A recessive variant is responsible for delayed-onset retinal degeneration in Hereford cattle.

Thirteen American Hereford cattle were reported blind with presumed onset when ~12-mo-old. All blind cattle shared a common ancestor through both the maternal and paternal pedigrees, suggesting a recessive genetic origin. Given the pedigree relationships and novel phenotype, we characterized the ophthalmo-pathologic changes associated with blindness and identified the responsible gene variant.

Resident Selection Criteria in Veterinary Medicine.

With the continued rise of interest and need for veterinary specialists, information regarding optimal selection criteria for successful residency candidates has been lacking in veterinary medicine. A 28-question online survey was developed to determine prioritized resident selection criteria, the importance of formal interviews, and residency supervisor satisfaction with the current selection process. This survey was sent to all programs listed by the Veterinary Internship and Residency Matching Program (VIRMP) for the 2019-2020 program year.

Ophthalmic Disease and Screening in Breeding Dogs.

This article describes the history and infrastructure associated with canine breed-related eye screening and certification by Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists. Some of the common or otherwise particularly problematic specific inherited ophthalmic conditions are discussed.

A remote fluorescein staining and photography protocol for monitoring of ulcerative keratitis in small animal patients: A pilot study.

Objective: To describe a protocol for corneal ulcer monitoring utilizing daily fluorescein staining and evaluation of owner-acquired anterior segment images.

Animal Studied: Nine client-owned small animal patients (eight dogs, one cat) diagnosed with superficial corneal ulcers at the University of Georgia Veterinary Capitalize Hospital.

Procedure(s): In addition to routine ulcer therapy, patients were discharged with supplies to perform daily fluorescein staining including a Quikvue® cobalt blue light camera adapter.

Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infection following enucleation in dogs.

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSI) increase morbidity, increase treatment costs, and can delay onset of necessary adjunctive therapy. The goal of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors of SSI after enucleation in dogs.

Methods: Medical records were searched at one veterinary teaching hospital and identified 280 dogs that underwent enucleation and had an adequate follow-up to assess SSI.

Examination of Motivational Influences on Clinical-Year Veterinary Students' Career Decisions.

The purpose of this study was to identify motivations for fourth-year veterinary students to choose future career paths based on post-graduation employment or post-graduation education. Approximately 500 students from four institutions were invited to participate in an online survey. Surveys were based on the cognitive evaluation theory, a minitheory within the self-determination macrotheory framework developed by Deci and Ryan.

Single instead of triplicate intraocular pressure measurements in dogs do not substantially lower accuracy and precision but do slightly reduce statistical power.

Objective: To compare single and triplicate applanation tonometry values across previous intraocular pressure (IOP) studies in dogs.

Animals: 116 ophthalmologically normal dogs.

Procedures: Triplicate IOP readings (n = 1432) from studies evaluating effect of anesthetic protocols were analyzed to estimate a range of probable differences between averaged triplicate and first, averaged and lowest, and first and lowest IOPs.

Effect of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on healing times and complications in dogs with spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects.

Background: Little is published regarding topical NSAID effect on corneal healing in dogs. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare healing times and complications in dogs with spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) treated with and without topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID).

Methods: Medical records of 66 dogs (71 eyes) diagnosed with SCCED between 2008 and 2019 were included.

The effect of xylazine on intracranial pressure in anesthetized and standing horses.

Objective: To determine the effect of xylazine on intracranial pressure (ICP) in standing compared to isoflurane-anesthetized horses.

Design: Prospective, crossover study design.

Setting: University Teaching Hospital.

Evaluation of transpalpebral ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter for indirect assessment of intracranial pressure in anesthetized and standing healthy adult horses.

Objective: To determine whether an association exists between direct intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement and ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in anesthetized and standing horses.

Design: Cross-sectional study performed on a convenience sample of healthy adult horses.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Golden retriever pigmentary uveitis: Challenges of diagnosis and treatment.

Pigmentary uveitis (PU), also known as Golden Retriever Pigmentary Uveitis (GRPU), is a common ocular condition of Golden Retrievers that has severe, vision-threatening ocular complications and can require surgical intervention. In order to ensure consistency in the diagnosis of GRPU between examiners, a specified set of diagnostic criteria must be applied. This is critical to ensure owners, breeders, and veterinary ophthalmologists maintain confidence in the ocular certification process.

Eye removal following parotid duct transposition surgery: A survey of current practice among veterinary ophthalmologists.

Objective: Identify dogs that required removal of an eye that had previously undergone a parotid duct transposition (PDT) and secondly to characterize demographics, surgical technique, and outcomes associated with it.

Procedure: An online survey was distributed to American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO) and Veterinary Ophthalmology (VOPH) listservs asking members to report the breed, reason for eye removal, time between surgeries, surgical technique, complications, and additional therapy instituted for dogs requiring removal of an eye subsequent to PDT surgery.

Results: Sixteen dogs fit the inclusion criteria.

Bandage contact lens retention in dogs-A pilot study.

Objective: To assess and compare retention, application characteristics, and patient tolerance of nine bandage contact lens types from four manufacturers.

Animals Studied: Six research Beagles were used in this pilot study.

Procedure: Five bandage contact lens types from two veterinary brands and four bandage contact lens types from two human brands were evaluated in six research Beagles.

Effect of propofol and ketamine-diazepam on intraocular pressure in healthy premedicated dogs.

Objective: To compare the effect of propofol and ketamine/diazepam for induction following premedication on intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, quasi-experimental, unmasked, longitudinal.

Animals: A total of 61 client-owned dogs.

Analysis of Small Animal Rotating Internship Applicants' Personal Statements.

The primary purpose of this study was to identify themes that are consistent across veterinary internship applicants' personal statements and that are correlated with the statements' perceived overall quality. A secondary purpose was to investigate the reliability in personal statement quality scoring among six experienced internship candidate evaluators. One hundred applications to the University of Georgia Small Animal Rotating Internship program were evaluated.

Orbital invasive squamous cell carcinoma with adnexal involvement clinically mimicking feline restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma: 19 cases (1990-2016).

Objective: To describe the clinical presentations of patients diagnosed with ocular adnexal or orbital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which possess features similar to feline restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma (FROMS).

Procedures: A retrospective review of adnexal and/or orbital SCC was performed. Cases were collected from the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine and the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW) (1990-2016).

Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on Schirmer tear test I values in normal horses.

Objective: To compare Schirmer tear test I (STTI) values collected in normal horses with and without an auriculopalpebral nerve block.

Procedure: Schirmer tear test I values were measured in 20 clinically normal horses (38 eyes) with a median age of 12 years. The order of eyes tested was randomized.

Eye Removal Surgeries in Exotic Pets.

This article covers considerations and techniques of eye removal surgeries in exotic pets. After issues including surgical indications, anesthesia, patient preparation, and instrumentation are explored, surgical techniques are described. Enucleation/exenteration and modified evisceration are discussed, with species-specific nuances of small mammals, birds, reptiles, snakes, amphibians, and fish highlighted.

Bilateral phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in a great horned owl.

Case Description: A great horned owl of estimated age < 1 year that was captured by wildlife rehabilitators was evaluated because of suspected cataracts.

Clinical Findings: Nuclear and incomplete cortical cataracts were evident in both eyes. Ocular ultrasonography revealed no evidence of retinal detachment, and electroretinography revealed normal retinal function.

Effects of the application of neck pressure by a collar or harness on intraocular pressure in dogs.

The effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) from dogs pulling against a collar or a harness was evaluated in 51 eyes of 26 dogs. The force each dog generated while pulling against a collar or a harness was measured. Intraocular pressure measurements were obtained during application of corresponding pressures via collars or harnesses.

Evaluation of intra- and interobserver reliability and image reproducibility to assess usefulness of high-resolution ultrasonography for measurement of anterior segment structures of canine eyes.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) for measurements of anterior segment structures in canine eyes.

Animals: 4 clinically normal Beagles.

Procedure: Images were obtained from 8 eyes with a handheld 20-MHz transducer.

Use of high-resolution ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in veterinary ophthalmology.

The recent development of a 20-MHz, high-frequency ultrasound probe has allowed tissue to be visualized at resolutions of 20 to 80 microm, which is similar to a low-power histologic view. This high degree of resolution, however, limits tissue penetration to 5 to 10 mm, which is ideal for examination of the anterior segment of the eye. The detail provided by high-resolution ultrasound readily permits the clinician to distinguish between various anterior segment entities that may appear similar but are treated quite differently, such as anterior uveal tumors, iridociliary cysts, and iris bombé.

Advances in topical glaucoma therapy.

Significant advances have recently been achieved in the development of topical glaucoma medications. The primary advantage of a topical preparation is the reduced incidence of adverse systemic effects attributable to a given drug compared to its systemically administered counterpart. However, the strong protective barrier of the eye forces topical ophthalmic preparations to be highly concentrated and in some cases, they have the potential to produce unwanted systemic effects, particularly in smaller animals.