Correlation between genomic index lesions and mpMRI and Ga-PSMA-PET/CT imaging features in primary prostate cancer.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)- positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)-imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) are emerging techniques to assess the presence of significant disease and tumor progression. It is not known, however, whether and to what extent lesions detected by these imaging techniques correlate with genomic features of PCa. The aim of this study was therefore to define a genomic index lesion based on chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs) as marker for tumor aggressiveness in prostate biopsies in direct correlation to multiparametric (mp) MRI and Ga-PSMA-PET/CT imaging features.

Genomic features of renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus.

A venous tumor thrombus (VTT) is a potentially lethal complication of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but virtually nothing is known about the underlying natural history. Based on our observation that venous thrombi contain significant numbers of viable tumor cells, we applied multiregion whole exome sequencing to a total of 37 primary tumor and VTT samples including normal tissue specimens from five consecutive patients. Our findings demonstrate mutational heterogeneity between primary tumor and VTT with 106 of 483 genes (22%) harboring functional SNVs and/or indels altered in either primary tumor or thrombus.

Increased intraepithelial CD3+ T-lymphocytes and high PD-L1 expression on tumor cells are associated with a favorable prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and allow prognostic immunogenic subgrouping.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common esophageal cancer associated with poor prognosis and additional therapeutic strategies must be implemented to optimize ESCC treatment. Meanwhile, the important biologic role and potential prognostic and therapeutic implications of a tumors immunologic microenvironment (IM) have been recognized in various cancers.In order to investigate the contexture and the prognostic relevance of the IM in ESCC, we immunohistochemically evaluated the extent of overall/intraepithelial TILs (CD3+/CD8+) and of PD-1 / PD-L1 expression in a cohort of 125 therapy-naive ESCCs, additionally assessing PD-L1 copy number status via fluorescence in-situ hybridization.

A Novel Grading System Based on Tumor Budding and Cell Nest Size Is a Strong Predictor of Patient Outcome in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The determination of prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is primarily based on staging according to the TNM-classification, whereas conventional grading is of minor clinical importance because of its deficiencies in prognostic patient stratification. Recently, a novel, highly prognostic grading scheme based on budding activity and cell nest size has been proposed for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of both pulmonary as well as oral origin. In order to investigate the utility and transferability of this approach to ESCC, we evaluated budding activity and cell nest size, as well as other histomorphologic characteristics, in a cohort of 135 primarily resected tumors and correlated the results with clinicopathologic and outcome parameters.

Intraindividual Comparison of F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, Multiparametric MRI, and Radical Prostatectomy Specimens in Patients with Primary Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective, Proof-of-Concept Study.

Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 PET/CT represents an advanced method for the staging of primary prostate cancer (PCa) and diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic PCa. However, because of the narrow availability of Ga the development of alternative tracers is of high interest. The objective of this study was to examine the value of the new PET tracer F-PSMA-1007 for the staging of local disease by comparing it with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and radical prostatectomy (RP) histopathology.

Combined Clinical Parameters and Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Advanced Risk Modeling of Prostate Cancer-Patient-tailored Risk Stratification Can Reduce Unnecessary Biopsies.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is gaining widespread acceptance in prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis and improves significant PC (sPC; Gleason score≥3+4) detection. Decision making based on European Randomised Study of Screening for PC (ERSPC) risk-calculator (RC) parameters may overcome prostate-specific antigen (PSA) limitations.

Objective: We added pre-biopsy mpMRI to ERSPC-RC parameters and developed risk models (RMs) to predict individual sPC risk for biopsy-naïve men and men after previous biopsy.

The Value of PSA Density in Combination with PI-RADS™ for the Accuracy of Prostate Cancer Prediction.

Purpose: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has an emerging role in prostate cancer diagnostics. In addition, clinical information is a reliable predictor of significant prostate cancer. We analyzed whether the negative predictive value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging to rule out significant prostate cancer could be improved using clinical factors, especially prostate specific antigen density.

TOP: Prospective Evaluation of a Volume Based, Computer Assisted Method for Transperineal Optimized Prostate Biopsy.

Objective: This study is a prospective evaluation of a volume-based, computer-assisted method for transperineal optimized prostate (TOP) biopsy. The TOP algorithm automates core planning for systematic prostate biopsies using the 3-dimensional organ contour and an alterable volume for tumors to be excluded.

Subjects And Methods: MRI-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy with MRI-targeted biopsies (TBs) and systematic-TOP biopsies were performed on 172 men between October 2013 and March 2014.

Local recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy is at risk to be missed in Ga-PSMA-11-PET of PET/CT and PET/MRI: comparison with mpMRI integrated in simultaneous PET/MRI.

Purpose: The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer Ga-PSMA-11, targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), is rapidly excreted into the urinary tract. This leads to significant radioactivity in the bladder, which may limit the PET-detection of local recurrence (LR) of prostate cancer (PC) after radical prostatectomy (RP), developing in close proximity to the bladder. Here, we analyze if there is additional value of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) compared to the Ga-PSMA-11-PET-component of PET/CT or PET/MRI to detect LR.

Multicentre evaluation of targeted and systematic biopsies using magnetic resonance and ultrasound image-fusion guided transperineal prostate biopsy in patients with a previous negative biopsy.

Objectives: To evaluate the detection rates of targeted and systematic biopsies in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) image-fusion transperineal prostate biopsy for patients with previous benign transrectal biopsies in two high-volume centres.

Patients And Methods: A two centre prospective outcome study of 487 patients with previous benign biopsies that underwent transperineal MRI/US fusion-guided targeted and systematic saturation biopsy from 2012 to 2015. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) was reported according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) Version 1.

Aggressive systemic mastocytosis of the liver with cholangitis.

Mastocytosis is a clonal, neoplastic mast cell proliferation, which is in most cases restricted to the skin (cutaneous mastocytosis), but may infiltrate other organs as well (systemic mastocytosis). Involvement of the liver by a systemic mastocytosis with impairment of liver function has been recognized as sign of an aggressive course of disease (C-finding). This article presents a case of aggressive systemic mastocytosis in a 26-year-old male patient with involvement of the liver mimicking primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Influence of different modifications of a calcium phosphate cement on resorption and new bone formation: an in vivo study in the minipig.

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are established in surgery as temporary bone replacement materials. The most common and important class of CPC, transformed into nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite after setting, is characterized by good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, acceleration of remodelling is in the focus of ongoing research.

Trabectedin in the neoadjuvant treatment of high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma: report of a rare case and literature review.

Background. Pleomorphic sarcoma is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma. In patients with high-risk extremity sarcomas, the significant survival benefits conferred by an intense regimen of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery were reported.

HIF-1α is a protective factor in conditional PHD2-deficient mice suffering from severe HIF-2α-induced excessive erythropoiesis.

Erythropoiesis must be tightly balanced to guarantee adequate oxygen delivery to all tissues in the body. This process relies predominantly on the hormone erythropoietin (EPO) and its transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF). Accumulating evidence suggests that oxygen-sensitive prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are important regulators of this entire system.

Early onset systemic lupus erythematosus: differential diagnoses, clinical presentation, and treatment options.

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare multisystemic autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations, and disease onset before 16 years of age. Patients younger than 5 years are rarely affected and the age of onset may contribute to the course of disease in terms of clinical presentation, organ involvement, and serological findings. Here, we report two exemplary early-onset SLE patients, a 28-month-old patient with WHO class IIB kidney disease, arthritis, and a typical antibody constellation and an 11-month-old infant that presented with microcytic anemia, leukocytosis, arthritis, fasciitis, fatty liver disease, protein losing enteropathy, edema, and minimal change glomerulonephritis.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) mimicking neoplasms: a suspected mediastinal teratoma unmasking as thymic granulomas due to X-linked CGD, and 2 related cases.

Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) suffer from severe bacterial and fungal infections and deregulated inflammation, which are often associated with granuloma formation. We describe a 2-year-old boy who was seemingly healthy at the age of 1 year when a conventional chest radiograph was taken to exclude pulmonary aspiration of a piece of apple. Incidentally, a space-occupying mediastinal mass was revealed that was further evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging.