Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression as Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Risk: Meta-Analysis of 119 Clinical Trials Involving 100 667 Patients.

Background: To quantify the association between effects of interventions on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) progression and their effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Methods: We systematically collated data from randomized, controlled trials. cIMT was assessed as the mean value at the common-carotid-artery; if unavailable, the maximum value at the common-carotid-artery or other cIMT measures were used.

Prevalence of switching from two anti-TNF biosimilars back to biologic reference products in Germany .

Aims: Biosimilars are becoming more and more important for the treatment of many diseases. However, it is not understood how they are tolerated. Our aim was to analyze the behavior of switching from two anti-TNF biosimilars back to biologic reference products in German patients.