A clinical phenotype of VEXAS syndrome with pleural effusion, infiltrates, and systemic inflammation in a 76-year-old patient: a case report.

Introduction: VEXAS syndrome, characterized by a UBA1 gene mutation, is a rare and severe systemic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting men. Since its initial description in 2020, it has been noted for its broad clinical phenotype and frequent misdiagnosis.

Case Presentation: A 76-year-old Caucasian male patient diagnosed with VEXAS syndrome is presented in this case report.

Reductions in dead space ventilation with nasal high flow depend on physiological dead space volume: metabolic hood measurements during sleep in patients with COPD and controls.

Nasal high flow (NHF) reduces minute ventilation and ventilatory loads during sleep but the mechanisms are not clear. We hypothesised NHF reduces ventilation in proportion to physiological but not anatomical dead space.11 subjects (five controls and six chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients) underwent polysomnography with transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO) monitoring under a metabolic hood.

Nasal high-flow therapy reduces work of breathing compared with oxygen during sleep in COPD and smoking controls: a prospective observational study.

Unlabelled: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) endure excessive resistive and elastic loads leading to chronic respiratory failure. Oxygen supplementation corrects hypoxemia but is not expected to reduce mechanical loads. Nasal high-flow (NHF) therapy supports breathing by reducing dead space, but it is unclear how it affects mechanical loads of patients with COPD.

Nasal high flow reduces hypercapnia by clearance of anatomical dead space in a COPD patient.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with hypercapnia is associated with increased mortality. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can lower hypercapnia and ventilator loads but is hampered by a low adherence rate leaving a majority of patients insufficiently treated. Recently, nasal high flow (NHF) has been introduced in the acute setting in adults, too.

Upregulation of glutathione peroxidase offsets stretch-induced proatherogenic gene expression in human endothelial cells.

Objective: Localization of atherosclerotic plaques typically correlates with areas of biomechanical strain where shear stress is decreased while stretch, thought to promote atherogenesis through enhanced oxidative stress, is increased.

Methods And Results: In human cultured endothelial cells, nitric oxide synthase expression was exclusively shear stress-dependent whereas expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), but not that of Cu(2+)/Zn(2+)-superoxide dismutase or Mn(2+)-superoxide dismutase, was upregulated solely in response to cyclic stretch. GPx-1 expression was also enhanced in isolated mouse arteries perfused at high pressure.