Long-term dynamics of multiple sclerosis iron rim lesions.

Background: Several studies have pointed out that seemingly chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions may also be in inflammatory states. In pathological studies, up to 40% of chronic MS lesions are characterized as "chronic active" or "smoldering" lesions that are characterized by a rim of iron-laden proinflammatory macrophages/microglial cells at the lesion edge with low-grade continuous myelin breakdown. In vivo, these lesions can be visualized as "iron rim lesions" (IRLs) on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI).

Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Presenting With Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack and Elevated Troponin Levels.

There is little information concerning the invasive coronary angiography (ICA) findings of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) with elevated troponin levels and suspected myocardial infarction (MI). This study analyzed patient characteristics associated with ICA outcomes. A total of 8,322 patients with AIS or TIA, treated between March 2010 and May 2020, were retrospectively screened for elevated serum troponin I at hospital admission.

Changes in Demographic and Diagnostic Spectra of Patients with Neurological Symptoms Presenting to an Emergency Department During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To analyse the characteristics of patients with neurological complaints seeking evaluation in an interdisciplinary emergency department (ED) during the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.

Methods: In this retrospective study, data on the number of ED presentations due to neurological complaints in weeks 1-15/2020 were collected. In addition, hospital chart data of patients referred for neurological evaluation during weeks 12-15/2020 when the pandemic began impacting on public life in Germany were analysed regarding demographic information, chief complaints, modes of presentation and disposition and ED discharge diagnosis.

Differential effects of FTY720 on the B cell compartment in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Background: MP4-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), which enables targeted research on B cells, currently much discussed protagonists in MS pathogenesis. Here, we used this model to study the impact of the S1P receptor modulator FTY720 (fingolimod) on the autoreactive B cell and antibody response both in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS).

Methods: MP4-immunized mice were treated orally with FTY720 for 30 days at the peak of disease or 50 days after EAE onset.