Comparison of Complications of Injection Laryngoplasty via Direct Versus Flexible Laryngoscopy.

Objectives: Injection laryngoplasty (IL) is commonly performed for glottic insufficiency and has historically been performed under general anesthesia via direct laryngoscopy (DL), with an increasing number of procedures being performed in the office setting via flexible laryngoscopy (FL). Existing literature regarding complications of IL primarily addresses immediate peri-procedural complications and adverse reactions to the injection material. This is the first study utilizing a large multi-institutional database comparing complications of IL performed via DL versus FL.

Complications Following Surgical Management of Zenker Diverticulum: A Comparative Analysis of Endoscopic and Open Approaches.

Objective: We aim to explore the differences in complication rates in endoscopic versus open transcervical treatment of Zenker diverticulum.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2023.

Setting: Queries of the TriNetX database's United States Collaborative Network.

Vocal Fold Medialization Procedures in Previously Radiated Patients: A Survey of Practice Patterns.

Background/objectives: Head and neck radiation therapy (HNRT) has traditionally been considered a contraindication to vocal fold medialization procedures. Although safety has been demonstrated, we hypothesize that actual management varies. This study evaluates practice patterns of otolaryngologists regarding vocal fold medialization in patients after HNRT.

Indications and Short-Term Outcomes for In-Office Therapeutic Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block.

Objective: Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) block consists of injection of steroid and anesthetic at the internal branch of the SLN entry site. Prior case series have demonstrated beneficial effects on neurogenic cough. SLN blocks have also recently shown benefit for paralaryngeal pain.

Characteristics of Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis in the Elderly.

Objective: To compare characteristics of patients ≥65 years presenting with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) to patients diagnosed at <65 years. We hypothesize that the groups have similar comorbidities and disease courses.

Data Sources: Medical records of patients treated for iSGS at a tertiary care institution from January 2005-September 2022.

Predictors of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 Undergoing Tracheotomy.

Objective: To identify factors predictive of 30-day mortality following tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with COVID-19 who underwent tracheotomy at a tertiary medical center between March 2020 and October 2021 was conducted. Univariate and multivariable analyses of factors correlated with 30-day post-tracheotomy mortality were performed.

Characteristics and outcomes of young patients with laryngeal cancer: National hospital-based retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: The relative incidence of laryngeal cancer is rising in young patients, yet their characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes relative to older patients are poorly understood.

Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of the National Cancer Database from 2006 to 2015.

Results: Among 25 029 total patients, 923 (3.

Clinical and Biologic Characteristics and Outcomes in Young and Middle-Aged Patients With Laryngeal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Objective: To describe the clinical and biologic characteristics and outcomes of young and middle-aged (YMA; <65 years) patients according to the presence or absence of traditional risk factors for laryngeal cancer.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting: Single-institution academic medical center.

In-Office Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block for Paralaryngeal Pain and Odynophonia.

Objectives: Pain localized to the thyrohyoid region may be due to neuralgia of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), inflammation of the thyrohyoid complex, or a voice disorder. We present outcomes of treatment of paralaryngeal pain and odynophonia with SLN block.

Study Design: Retrospective Review.

Impact of Patient Factors and Management Strategies on Outcomes After Transverse Posterior Cordotomy.

Objectives/hypothesis: Carbon dioxide laser transverse posterior cordotomy (TPC) aims to improve airway aperture in patients with glottic obstruction. Postoperative complications may worsen airway compromise and necessitate additional interventions. We sought to identify factors impacting outcomes after TPC.

The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humans.

Genetic variants that inactivate protein-coding genes are a powerful source of information about the phenotypic consequences of gene disruption: genes that are crucial for the function of an organism will be depleted of such variants in natural populations, whereas non-essential genes will tolerate their accumulation. However, predicted loss-of-function variants are enriched for annotation errors, and tend to be found at extremely low frequencies, so their analysis requires careful variant annotation and very large sample sizes. Here we describe the aggregation of 125,748 exomes and 15,708 genomes from human sequencing studies into the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD).

Is the gender gap closing in otolaryngology subspecialties? An analysis of research productivity.

Objective: The proportion of women specializing in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (Oto-HNS) and seeking fellowship training has steadily increased over the last several years. In academic Oto-HNS, gender differences exist in research productivity, scholarly impact, and funding. This study aims to evaluate gender differences in academic productivity between otolaryngologists in early, mid-, and later careers stages and within various subspecialties.

Primary odynophonia: When pain is out of proportion to dysphonia.

Objectives/hypothesis: Odynophonia is generally regarded as a symptom of a voice disorder. However, a subset of patients with odynophonia have debilitating pain out of proportion to the relatively mild degree of dysphonia and are not responsive to voice therapy. The goals of this study were to 1) describe the symptomatology of this subset of patients and differentiate it from typical odynophonia, 2) propose alternate models to explain this phenomenon of primary odynophonia, and 3) present a new treatment paradigm based on the proposed models.

Office-Based 532-Nanometer Pulsed Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate Laser Procedures in Laryngology.

With fiber-based lasers that may be passed via the working channel of a flexible laryngoscope, in-office laser laryngeal surgery has become possible. The potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser has several features that make it ideal for laryngeal surgery, and it is now the laser of choice for in-office management of a variety of laryngeal lesions. Its applications have expanded significantly since its introduction, with reports of new indications continuing to appear in the literature.

Shar Pei Larynx: Supraglottic and Postcricoid Mucosal Redundancy and Its Association With Medical Comorbidities.

Objectives:: The aim of this study is to describe a clinical entity the authors term "Shar Pei larynx," characterized by redundant supraglottic and postcricoid mucosa that the authors hypothesize coexists in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and obesity. By exploring this hypothesis, the authors hope to set the foundation for future research with the goal of identifying whether Shar Pei larynx is a marker for untreated sleep apnea or other diseases.

Study Design:: Retrospective chart review.

Treatment of chronic neurogenic cough with in-office superior laryngeal nerve block.

Objectives: Neurogenic cough is believed to result from a sensory neuropathy involving the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). We present our outcomes for the treatment of neurogenic cough with localized blockade of the internal branch of the SLN.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent in-office percutaneous SLN block for treatment of neurogenic cough between 2015 and 2017 was conducted.

Impact of Perioperative Voice Therapy on Outcomes in the Surgical Management of Vocal Fold Cysts.

Introduction: Vocal fold cysts are benign mid-membranous lesions of the true vocal fold, classified as mucus retention or epidermal inclusion cysts. Treatment is surgical excision with or without postoperative voice therapy.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the demographics, treatment approach, and outcomes of patients treated for vocal fold cysts between 2009 and 2014.

Swallowing function in pediatric patients with bilateral vocal fold immobility.

Introduction: Infants with bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) often have poor swallow function in addition to potential airway compromise. While there are several reports on BVFI and its effect on patients' airway status, little is known about long term swallow function.

Objectives: We aim to characterize the swallowing function over time in pediatric patients with bilateral vocal fold immobility.

Etiology and long-term functional swallow outcomes in pediatric unilateral vocal fold immobility.

Objective: Unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) results in deficits in phonatory, respiratory, and swallow function of the pediatric patient. Little is known about long-term functional swallow outcomes.

Methods: Medical records of children diagnosed with UVFI between 2005 and 2014 at a tertiary children's hospital were retrospectively reviewed.

Inflammatory reaction to hyaluronic acid: A newly described complication in vocal fold augmentation.

Objectives/hypothesis: To establish the rate of inflammatory reaction to hyaluronic acid (HA) in vocal fold injection augmentation, determine the most common presenting signs and symptoms, and propose an etiology.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Patients injected with HA over a 5-year period were reviewed to identify those who had a postoperative inflammatory reaction.