Pediatric Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies.

Pediatric hematologic and oncologic emergencies are in 3 major categories: complications of hematologic disorders, emergencies associated with the new onset of cancers, and treatment-associated oncologic emergencies. The overall number of these patients remains low; however, the mortality associated with these diseases remains high despite significant advances in management. This article presents a review of the most commonly encountered pediatric hematologic and oncologic complications that emergency physicians and providers need to know.

Pediatric Genitourinary Infections and Other Considerations.

Pediatric patients pose a unique host of challenges to the emergency provider across all complaints and ages, but this is particularly notable in the genitourinary (GU) system. The pediatric GU system is different from that of the adult in its etiology of symptoms, complications, and treatments. Based on age, there are variations in the anatomy.

Pediatric Oncologic Emergencies.

Pediatric patients with cancer, although rarely, do present to emergency departments for first-time diagnosis, as well as for complications of treatment. The presenting symptoms can be vague, so emergency physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion and be aware of guidelines to help direct appropriate care after an initial diagnosis. It is also necessary to know the complications of treatment.