How institutional factors at US land-grant universities impact scientists' public scholarship.

The call for public scholarship to emphasize the broader impacts of science has raised questions about how universities can support this work among their scientists. This study quantitatively assesses how institutional factors shape scientists' participation in public scholarship, a subset of public engagement focusing on scientists' involvement in public debate and democratic decision-making related to science policy. Based on a 2018 survey of scientists from 46 US land-grant universities ( = 6,242), hierarchical linear modeling results show that institutional factors, including tenure guidelines and the extent of government funding, play a minor role in influencing scientists' public scholarship participation.

Real-world performance and accuracy of stress echocardiography: the EVAREST observational multi-centre study.

Aims: Stress echocardiography is widely used to identify obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). High accuracy is reported in expert hands but is dependent on operator training and image quality. The EVAREST study provides UK-wide data to evaluate real-world performance and accuracy of stress echocardiography.

Emergency Department Visits Attributed to Adverse Events Involving Benzodiazepines, 2016-2017.

Introduction: Characterization of emergency department visits attributed to adverse events involving benzodiazepines can be used to guide preventive interventions. This study describes U.S.

Scientists' incentives and attitudes toward public communication.

In an era of large-scale science-related challenges and rapid advancements in groundbreaking science with major societal implications, communicating about science is critical. The profile of science communication has increased over the last few decades, with multiple sectors calling for such activities. As scientists respond to calls for public-facing communication, we need to evaluate where the scientific community stands.

US Emergency Department Visits for Acute Harms From Prescription Opioid Use, 2016-2017.

Objectives: To estimate the number of US emergency department visits for prescription opioid harms by patient characteristics, intent, clinical manifestations, and active ingredient.

Methods: We used data from medical record-based surveillance from a nationally representative 60-hospital sample.

Results: Based on 7769 cases, there were 267 020 estimated emergency department visits annually (95% confidence interval [CI] = 209 833, 324 206) for prescription opioid harms from 2016 to 2017.

U.S. Emergency Department Visits Resulting From Nonmedical Use of Pharmaceuticals, 2016.

Introduction: National data on morbidity from nonmedical use of pharmaceuticals are limited. This study used nationally representative, public health surveillance data to characterize U.S.

Distinguishing scientific knowledge: The impact of different measures of knowledge on genetically modified food attitudes.

The impact of knowledge on public attitudes toward scientific issues remains unclear, due in part to ill-defined differences in how research designs conceptualize knowledge. Using genetically modified foods as a framework, we explore the impacts of perceived familiarity and factual knowledge, and the moderating roles of media attention and a food-specific attitudinal variable (food consciousness), in shaping these relationships. Based on the differential effects on "negative attitudes" toward genetically modified foods, we provide further evidence that the measures of knowledge are separate concepts and argue against a one-dimensional view of scientific knowledge.

Adolescent Vaccines: Latest Recommendations, Addressing Barriers, and Improving Vaccine Rates.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that the Tdap, HPV, and meningitis vaccines be administered to youth beginning between the ages of 11 and 12. The school nurse, knowledgeable about vaccine schedules and the rationale for the schedules, is in a unique position to advocate for all adolescent vaccines and their timely administration through addressing parent-guardian concerns and supporting other healthcare providers in completing the adolescent vaccines. This article reviews current recommendations for adolescent vaccinations and the actions needed to improve vaccination rates with a focus on Human Papillomavirus vaccine, the vaccine with the lowest completion rates among this age group.

US Emergency Department Visits for Outpatient Adverse Drug Events, 2013-2014.

Importance: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 brought attention to adverse drug events in national patient safety efforts. Updated, detailed, nationally representative data describing adverse drug events can help focus these efforts.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of emergency department (ED) visits for adverse drug events in the United States in 2013-2014 and describe changes in ED visits for adverse drug events since 2005-2006.

Cardiac Emergency Response Planning for Schools: A Policy Statement.

A sudden cardiac arrest in school or at a school event is potentially devastating to families and communities. An appropriate response to such an event-as promoted by developing, implementing, and practicing a cardiac emergency response plan (CERP)-can increase survival rates. Understanding that a trained lay-responder team within the school can make a difference in the crucial minutes between the time when the victim collapses and when emergency medical services arrive empowers school staff and can save lives.

The case of #arseniclife: Blogs and Twitter in informal peer review.

Using the "#arseniclife" controversy as a case study, we examine the roles of blogs and Twitter in post-publication review. The controversy was initiated by a scientific article about bacteria able to substitute arsenic for phosphorus in its genetic material. We present the debate chronologically, using prominent online media to reconstruct the events.

Atherosclerosis is Evident in Treated HIV-Infected Subjects With Low Cardiovascular Risk by Carotid Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

Objective: Premature atherosclerosis has been observed among HIV-infected individuals with high cardiovascular risk using one-dimensional ultrasound carotid intima-media thickness. We evaluated the assessment of HIV-infected individuals with low traditional cardiovascular disease risk using cardiovascular magnetic resonance, which allows three-dimensional assessment of the carotid artery wall.

Methods: Carotid cardiovascular magnetic resonance was performed in 33 HIV-infected individuals (cases) (19 male, 14 female), and 35 HIV-negative controls (20 male, 15 female).

Adherence to label and device recommendations for over-the-counter pediatric liquid medications.

Objective: To reduce dosing errors when administering orally ingested over-the-counter liquid medications, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Consumer Healthcare Products Association released voluntary recommendations for dosing directions and dosing devices. This study assessed recommendation adherence for national brand name orally ingested over-the-counter liquid pediatric analgesics/antipyretics and cough, cold, and allergy medications available after the FDA guidance was finalized in 2011 to identify and prioritize specific improvements to dosing directions and devices.

Methods: Recommendations were categorized as top tier or low tier based on potential to directly address ≥3-fold dosing errors.

Efficacy of flow restrictors in limiting access of liquid medications by young children.

Objective: To assess whether adding flow restrictors (FRs) to liquid medicine bottles can provide additional protection against unsupervised medication ingestions by young children, even when the child-resistant closure is not fully secured.

Study Design: In April and May 2012, we conducted a block randomized trial with a convenience sample of 110 3- and 4-year-old children from 5 local preschools. Participants attempted to remove test liquid from an uncapped bottle with an FR and a control bottle without an FR (with either no cap or an incompletely closed cap).