Vitamin D does not modulate immune-mediated bone loss during ART initiation.

Background: Vitamin D (VitD) and calcium (Ca) supplementation attenuates antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated bone loss, but it is unclear whether this effect is mediated through immunomodulation.

Methods: In this exploratory analysis of A5280, a 48-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of VitD/Ca supplementation with ART initiation, we characterized lymphocyte phenotypes and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression by median fluorescence intensity (MFI) at baseline and 48 weeks. Changes were evaluated within and between treatment groups by Wilcoxon signed rank and rank sum tests, respectively.

Racial differences in calculated bioavailable vitamin D with vitamin D/calcium supplementation.

Objectives: Some studies suggest that bioavailable 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] is more accurate than total 25-(OH)D as an assessment of vitamin D (VitD) status in black individuals. We hypothesized that increases in bioavailable 25-(OH)D would correlate better with improvement in bone outcomes among black HIV-infected adults.

Design: This is a secondary analysis of AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5280, a randomized, double-blind study of VitD3 and calcium supplementation in HIV-infected participants initiating antiretroviral therapy.

Vitamin D and Calcium Attenuate Bone Loss With Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Antiretroviral therapy initiation for HIV-1 infection is associated with 2% to 6% loss of bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective: To evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 plus calcium supplementation on bone loss associated with antiretroviral therapy initiation.

Design: 48-week prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Impact of randomized antiretroviral therapy initiation on glucose metabolism.

Objective: Prior studies have found that early HIV protease inhibitors contribute to glucose dysregulation. Few randomized trials have evaluated glucose indices in antiretroviral-naive individuals on newer antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: A5224s was a substudy of A5202, a prospective trial of 1857 ART-naive participants randomized to blinded abacavir-lamivudine (ABC/3TC) or tenofovir DF-emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) with open-label efavirenz (EFV) or atazanavir-ritonavir (ATV/r).