Glenohumeral internal rotation measurements differ depending on stabilization techniques.

Background: The loss of glenohumeral internal rotation range of motion in overhead athletes has been well documented in the literature. Several different methods of assessing this measurement have been described, making comparison between the results of studies difficult.

Hypothesis: Significant differences in the amount of internal rotation range of motion exist when using different methods of stabilization.

S1P induced changes in epithelial ovarian cancer proteolysis, invasion, and attachment are mediated by Gi and Rac.

Objectives: We previously demonstrated that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) bimodally regulates epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell invasiveness: low-concentration S1P stimulates invasion similar to lysophophatidic acid (LPA), while high-concentration S1P inhibits invasion. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms through which S1P affects EOC cell proteolysis, invasion, and adhesion in two cultured epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines.

Methods: G-protein Gi was inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX) and GTP binding protein Rac by NSC23766.

Rehabilitation of articular lesions in the athlete's knee.

Articular cartilage lesions of the knee joint are common in patients of varying ages. Some articular cartilage lesions are focal lesions located on one aspect of the tibiofemoral or patellofemoral joint. Other lesions can be extremely large or involve multiple compartments of the knee joint and these are often referred to as osteoarthritis.