Expression of mPGES1 and p16 in feline and human oral squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative oncology approach.

Comparative cancer studies help us determine if discoveries in one species apply to another. Feline and human oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC and HOSCC) are invasive tumours in which inflammation and abnormal p16 expression are reported. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of p16 and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES1) in 42 HOSCC and 45 FOSCC samples with known expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147).

Educational Case: Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease as an Example of Antibody-Mediated Glomerulonephritis.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.

Educational Case: Lupus Nephritis as an Example of Immune Complex-Mediated Glomerulonephritis.

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.

Informing Policy Change: A Study of Rapid Repeat Pregnancy in Adolescents to Increase Access to Immediate Postpartum Contraception.

Rapid repeat pregnancy (RRP) is common among adolescents and is associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Despite evidence that use of long-acting forms of contraception before hospital discharge can help minimize RRP rates, barriers to placement existed within the state of Indiana. We sought to determine state-specific RRP and induced abortion rates for adolescents based on chosen postpartum contraception to inform policy change.

Educational Case: Dysproteinemic Nephropathies: Renal Amyloidosis as an Example.

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Cyclooxygenase and CD147 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma patient samples and cell lines.

Objectives: In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) contribute to inflammation, and cluster of differentiation factor 147 (CD147) contributes to invasiveness, but their relationship has not been previously examined within a cohort of patients with OSCC or OSCC cell lines.

Study Design: COX-2 and CD147 expression was determined by using immunohistochemistry on 39 surgical biopsy specimens of OSCC. Expression in tumor cells, stroma, and adjacent oral epithelium was characterized by using a visual grading system.

Introduction.

This article offers an overview of the life and work of Gerald N. Grob. As part of a generation of scholars intent on overturning the old "Whig history" of medicine, Grob pioneered the use of institutional history as an analytical tool.

CD147 and Cyclooxygenase Expression in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly invasive form of cancer in cats. In human OSCC, cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) contributes to inflammation and tumor invasiveness. CD147 is a potential therapeutic target, but the expression of CD147 in feline OSCC has not been examined.

Depletion of MHC class II invariant chain peptide or γ-δ T-cells ameliorates experimental preeclampsia.

Excessive innate immune system activation and inflammation during pregnancy can lead to organ injury and dysfunction and preeclampsia (PE); however, the molecular mechanisms involved are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation induces major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II invariant chain peptide (CLIP) expression on immune cells, makes them pro-inflammatory, and are necessary to cause PE-like features in mice. Treatment with VG1177, a competitive antagonist peptide for CLIP in the groove of MHC class II, was able to both prevent and treat PE-like features in mice.

EUCOLEUS BOEHMI INFECTION IN THE NASAL CONCHAE AND PARANASAL SINUSES OF RED FOX (VULPES VULPES) ON PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, CANADA.

Eucoleus boehmi (Nematoda: Capillariidae) occurs in the nasal conchae and paranasal sinuses of wild and domestic canids. We surveyed the red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) on Prince Edward Island, Canada, for E. boehmi infection and characterized the associated histopathology.

Human placenta-derived stromal cells decrease inflammation, placental injury and blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant mice.

Pre-eclampsia, the development of hypertension and proteinuria or end-organ damage during pregnancy, is a leading cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, and there are no effective clinical treatments for pre-eclampsia aside from delivery. The development of pre-eclampsia is characterized by maladaptation of the maternal immune system, excessive inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. We have reported that detection of extracellular RNA by the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3 and 7 is a key initiating signal that contributes to the development of pre-eclampsia.

Clinical signs, pathology and dose-dependent survival of adult wood frogs, Rana sylvatica, inoculated orally with frog virus 3 Ranavirus sp., Iridoviridae.

Amphibian populations suffer massive mortalities from infection with frog virus 3 FV3, genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae, a pathogen also involved in mortalities of fish and reptiles. Experimental oral infection with FV3 in captive-raised adult wood frogs, Rana sylvatica Lithobates sylvaticus, was performed as the first step in establishing a native North American animal model of ranaviral disease to study pathogenesis and host response. Oral dosing was successful LD50 was 10(2.

Estimation of total glomerular number using an integrated disector method in embryonic and postnatal kidneys.

Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) are a polymorphic group of clinical disorders comprising the major cause of renal failure in children. Included within CAKUT is a wide spectrum of developmental malformations ranging from renal agenesis, renal hypoplasia and renal dysplasia (maldifferentiation of renal tissue), each characterized by varying deficits in nephron number. First presented in the Brenner Hypothesis, low congenital nephron endowment is becoming recognized as an antecedent cause of adult-onset hypertension, a leading cause of coronary heart disease, stroke, and renal failure in North America.

Placental Toll-like receptor 3 and Toll-like receptor 7/8 activation contributes to preeclampsia in humans and mice.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive syndrome characterized by excessive maternal immune system activation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 activation by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and TLR7/8 activation by single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) expressed by viruses and/or released from necrotic cells initiates a pro-inflammatory immune response; however it is unknown whether viral/endogenous RNA is a key initiating signal that contributes to the development of PE. We hypothesized that TLR3/7/8 activation will be evident in placentas of women with PE, and sufficient to induce PE-like symptoms in mice.

Endothelial cell transforming growth factor-β receptor activation causes tacrolimus-induced renal arteriolar hyalinosis.

Arteriolar hyalinosis is a common histological finding in renal transplant recipients treated with the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus; however, the pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unknown. In addition to increasing transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels, tacrolimus inhibits calcineurin by binding to FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12). FKBP12 alone also inhibits TGF-β receptor activation.

The geographic origin of Helicobacter pylori influences the association of the homB gene with gastric cancer.

We found that South Korean Helicobacter pylori isolates predominantly carry homB at locus B and that there is no association between the homB allele and the cagA allele or the development of gastric cancer within this population. Uniquely, several East Asian strains carried multiple copies of the hom genes.

Interleukin 10 deficiency exacerbates toll-like receptor 3-induced preeclampsia-like symptoms in mice.

Preeclampsia may result from overactivation of the maternal immune system and is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and excessive inflammation. Given the importance of maternal immune system regulation and anti-inflammatory cytokines in normotensive pregnancies, we hypothesized that maternal immune system activation via Toll-like receptor 3 during pregnancy would cause preeclampsia-like symptoms in mice, which would be made worse by deficiency of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10. The Toll-like receptor 3 agonist polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) caused hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and proteinuria in mice only when pregnant.

Helicobacter pylori homB, but not cagA, is associated with gastric cancer in Iran.

While several distinct virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori have been shown to be associated with different clinical outcomes, there is still much to learn about the role of different bacterial factors in gastric carcinogenesis. This study looked at the distribution of the cagA, homA, and homB genes in strains isolated from patients suffering from gastroduodenal diseases in Iran and assessed if there was any association between disease state and the presence of the aforementioned virulence factors. Genomic DNA from 138 H.

Knowledge of young African American adults about heart disease: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: African Americans have higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality than other ethnic groups. Young adults are prime targets for intervention strategies to prevent and reduce disease risk. The study purpose was to determine the level of knowledge of lifestyle risk factors for CVD among young African American adults in Phoenix.

Polymorphisms in the intermediate region of VacA impact Helicobacter pylori-induced disease development.

Helicobacter pylori is the etiological agent of diseases such as gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and two types of gastric cancers. While some insight has been gained into the etiology of these diverse manifestations, by and large, the reason that some individuals develop more severe disease remains elusive. Recent studies have focused on the roles of H.

CD99-positive large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with rearranged EWSR1 gene in an infant: a case of prognostically favorable tumor.

The first case of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma arising in an infant is presented. The tumor arose at the anal verge of a 1-year-old girl. The diagnosis of this CD99-positive tumor was supported by expression of epithelial (keratins, EMA, and Ep-CAM) and neuroendocrine (chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase) markers and absence of immunoreactivity for Fli-1.

Probiotics: preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Purpose: Probiotics are live microorganisms that offer a health benefit to the host. Found typically in dietary supplements, probiotics can be safely used in the treatment of acute diarrheal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. They can be found in milks, yogurt, powders, and pills.

A Tale of Two Toxins: Helicobacter Pylori CagA and VacA Modulate Host Pathways that Impact Disease.

Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that colonizes more than 50% of the world's population, which leads to a tremendous medical burden. H. pylori infection is associated with such varied diseases as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and two forms of gastric cancer: gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

Epidemiological link between gastric disease and polymorphisms in VacA and CagA.

Gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer are a few of the diverse disease manifestations that have been shown to be associated with infection by Helicobacter pylori. Why some individuals develop more severe forms of disease remains largely unknown. In this study, 225 South Korean strains were genotyped for vacA and then analyzed to determine if particular genotypes varied across disease state, sex, or cagA allele.