Earth Rights for the Advancement of a Planetary Health Agenda.

This article discusses Earth's Rights as an environmental justice mechanism of reparation, protection, and justice for indigenous communities, environmental defenders, and other populations in Latin America. We argue that Earth's rights encompass and include the right to health and can be integrated into international human rights frameworks to protect all forms of life, responding to colonial legacies of discrimination and violence. We respond to the scarcity of literature discussing Earth's rights in relation to situations where human rights and Earth's rights are violated.

Is exposure to chemical pollutants associated with sleep outcomes? A systematic review.

Environmental exposures may influence sleep; however, the contributions of environmental chemical pollutants to sleep health have not been systematically investigated. We conducted a systematic review to identify, evaluate, summarize, and synthesize the existing evidence between chemical pollutants (air pollution, exposures related to the Gulf War and other conflicts, endocrine disruptors, metals, pesticides, solvents) and dimensions of sleep health (architecture, duration, quality, timing) and disorders (sleeping pill use, insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing)). Of the 204 included studies, results were mixed; however, the synthesized evidence suggested associations between particulate matter, exposures related to the Gulf War, dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, and pesticide exposure with worse sleep quality; exposures related to the Gulf War, aluminum, and mercury with insomnia and impaired sleep maintenance; and associations between tobacco smoke exposure with insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing, particularly in pediatric populations.

Screening and intervention for intimate partner violence at trauma centers and emergency departments: an evidence-based systematic review from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue with a substantial burden on society. Screening and intervention practices vary widely and there are no standard guidelines. Our objective was to review research on current practices for IPV prevention in emergency departments and trauma centers in the USA and provide evidenced-based recommendations.

Who Can You Trust? The Impact of Procedural Justice, Trust, and Police Officer Sex on Women's Sexual Assault Victimization Reporting Likelihood.

Sexual assaults are underreported to the police, even though this crime affects one in four college women. Using a vignette design, this study fills a gap in the literature by examining the influence of prior police perceptions, procedurally unjust treatment, and the sex of the responding officer on college women's likelihood to report sexual assault. Results indicate positive prior police perceptions significantly increase students' perceived likelihood to report sexual victimization.

The Economic Benefit of Remission for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Introduction: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), attaining remission or low disease activity (LDA), as recommended by the treat-to-target approach, has shown to yield improvement in symptoms and quality of life. However, limited evidence from real-world settings is available to support the premise that better disease control is associated with lower healthcare costs. This study fills in evidence gaps regarding the cost of care by RA disease activity (DA) states and by therapy.

The rate, cost and outcomes of parathyroidectomy in the united states dialysis population from 2016-2018.

Background: In end-stage kidney disease, patients may undergo parathyroidectomy if secondary hyperparathyroidism cannot be managed medically. This study was designed to estimate the parathyroidectomy rate in the United States (US) and to quantify changes in costs and other outcomes after parathyroidectomy.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study using US Renal Data System data for 2015-2018.

Surgical resection, radiotherapy and percutaneous thermal ablation for treatment of stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up the majority of lung cancer cases. Currently, surgical resection is the gold standard of treatment. However, as patients are becoming medically more complex presenting with advanced disease, minimally invasive image-guided percutaneous ablations are gaining popularity.

Etelcalcetide Versus Cinacalcet in Hemodialysis Patients in the United States: A Facility Calcimimetic Approach to Assess Real-World Effectiveness.

Rationale & Objective: Some US hemodialysis (HD) facilities switched from oral cinacalcet to intravenous etelcalcetide as the primary calcimimetic therapy to control parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels after the introduction of etelcalcetide in 2017. Although clinical trials have demonstrated the superior efficacy of etelcalcetide versus cinacalcet, evidence comparing real-world effectiveness is lacking.

Study Design: Prospective cohort.

Influence of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting on Health Morbidity, Health Service Utilization and Satisfaction with Care among Somali Women and Teenage Girls in the United States.

Introduction: There is scant evidence on the health morbidities experienced by Somali women and girls affected by female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and their resultant health-seeking behavior in the USA as compared to those who have not undergone the procedure. To fill this gap, we conducted a comprehensive examination of health morbidity among women and teenage girls with and without FGM/C in a Somali migrant community.

Methods: Using a comprehensive community-based participatory research approach, a cross-sectional survey was administered to 879 Somali women and teenage girls in Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona.

Calcimimetic use in US hemodialysis facilities in first 2 years after the launch of etelcalcetide: A descriptive analysis of real-world clinical practice and outcomes.

Introduction: This study described control of parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, and corrected calcium in adults initiating calcimimetics in small dialysis organizations after the introduction of etelcalcetide.

Methods: This retrospective study using Visonex Clarity electronic health records between October 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019, identified adults ≥ 18 years of age receiving in-center hemodialysis as either a cinacalcet or etelcalcetide initiator based on their first calcimimetic use in 2018 (index date) with no prior calcimimetic use in the 3 months preindex date. Patients were stratified by PTH at index date and were followed for 15 months.

Biologic and Targeted Synthetic DMARD Utilization in the United States: Adelphi Real World Disease Specific Programme for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Introduction: In patients with inadequate response or intolerance to first biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD), guidelines recommend switching to an agent of different mechanism of action or to another bDMARD. However, the reasons behind switching between bDMARD/targeted synthetic (ts)DMARD are not well documented in many studies. The objective of this study was to assess the rheumatologists' perceptions and behaviors towards choice of initial b/tsDMARD treatment and reasons for switching between bDMARDs/tsDMARDs, in the context of present treatment patterns.

The value of new drugs for advanced prostate cancer.

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration has recently approved a number of new cancer drugs. The clinical trials that serve as the basis for new cancer drug approvals may not reflect how the drugs will perform in routine practice and do not measure the impact of the drugs on spending. The authors sought to evaluate the real-world effectiveness and value of drugs recently approved for advanced prostate cancer.

Long-term direct and indirect economic burden associated with osteoporotic fracture in US postmenopausal women.

Unlabelled: The study examined long-term direct and indirect economic burden of osteoporotic fractures among postmenopausal women. Healthcare costs among fracture patients were substantial in first year after fracture and remained higher than fracture-free controls for 5 years which highlight needs for early detection of high-risk patients and continued management for osteoporosis.

Introduction: This study compared direct and indirect healthcare costs between postmenopausal women and demographically matched controls in the 5 years after incident non-traumatic fracture, and by fracture type in commercially insured and Medicare populations.

Cost of home vs clinic administration of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer.

Objectives: To estimate the costs associated with home administration of oral paclitaxel and encequidar (novel P-glycoprotein pump inhibitor allowing oral paclitaxel bioavailability) compared with clinic/office administration of intravenous (IV) paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and protein-bound paclitaxel in US patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Study Design: Economic analysis.

Methods: A cost calculator was constructed from a payer's perspective including all costs related to administration of the chemotherapies, including drug administration, premedications and concomitant medications, oncologist office visits, laboratory testing, and administration-related adverse events.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in metastatic breast cancer patients initiating intravenous paclitaxel/nab-paclitaxel.

Background: Intravenous (IV) taxanes for metastatic breast cancer (mBC) are associated with toxicities, such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which can detrimentally impact outcomes.

Objective: To assess the impact of CIPN on clinical and economic outcomes in women with mBC, initiating IV paclitaxel/ nab-paclitaxel.

Methods: Adult women in the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Database with a mBC diagnosis, initiating IV paclitaxel or IV nab-paclitaxel (index date = first administration) from November 1, 2013, to September 30, 2018, who had no prior neuropathy diagnoses, and continuous enrollment 12 months prior to and ≥ 3 months following index were selected.

Clinical and economic burden of intravenous paclitaxel or nab-paclitaxel for metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Intravenous (IV) taxane therapy for metastatic breast cancer (mBC) has been associated with toxicities and demanding dosing schedules, which can limit treatment effectiveness.

Objectives: To assess treatment patterns, toxicities, and costs in women with mBC initiating IV paclitaxel or IV nab-paclitaxel.

Methods: Adult women diagnosed with BC from January 1, 2014, to September 30, 2018, were identified in the MarketScan Commercial and MarketScan Medicare Supplemental databases.

DNA damage repair gene mutation testing and genetic counseling in men with/without prostate cancer: a systematic review.

Ongoing clinical trials are investigating PARP inhibitors to target the DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway in prostate cancer. DDR mutation screening will guide treatment strategy and assess eligibility for clinical trials. This systematic review estimated the rate of DDR mutation testing or genetic counseling among men with or at risk of prostate cancer.

Effect of clinically significant thresholds of eosinophil elevation on health care resource use in asthma.

Background: Blood eosinophil counts correlate with exacerbations, but there is a lack of consensus on a clinically relevant definition of eosinophil count elevation.

Objective: To analyze health care resource use among patients with elevated blood eosinophil counts defined at 150 cells/μL or greater and 300 cells/μL or greater.

Methods: Data on patients who received a diagnosis of asthma between 2007 and 2016 were extracted from EMRClaims + database.

Positive airway pressure adherence in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic scoping review.

Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is a commonly prescribed treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Negative health consequences associated with untreated OSA make understanding the utilization of PAP therapy imperative. The aim of this review was to describe PAP use in children and adolescents with OSA, explore factors that influence use, and describe published scientific or clinical approaches to improve use.

Crime Victimization, Health, and Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting Among Somali Women and Adolescent Girls in the United States, 2017.

To examine if exposure to victimization (e.g., homicide, violence, sexual assault, arson, kidnapping) is related to health problems, health care access and barriers, and health needs-beyond the effects of female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C)-among Somali women and adolescent girls.

Treatment patterns of lipid-lowering therapies and possible statin intolerance among statin users with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or diabetes mellitus (DM) in Taiwan.

Objectives: To assess treatment patterns of statin and/or ezetimibe and possible statin intolerance among patients initiating statin or statin plus ezetimibe and with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or diabetes mellitus (DM) in Taiwan.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using Taiwan's 2005 to 2013 National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was conducted. Patients with history of clinical ASCVD or DM (without previous clinical ASCVD) and initiating statin or statin plus ezetimibe therapy during 2006 to 2012 were identified.

Prevalence and incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Korea: a nationwide population-based study.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in Korea. According to a report of published by Statistics Korea in 2014, cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular disease were the major/leading causes of mortality. However, it is more difficult to identify prevalence and incidence of a disease than the mortality owing to the lack of national-level statistics.