The Role of TGF-β3 in Radiation Response.

Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional cytokine involved in a range of physiological and pathological conditions, including embryogenesis, cell cycle regulation, immunoregulation, and fibrogenesis. The cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation are employed in cancer radiotherapy, but its actions also influence cellular signaling pathways, including that of TGF-β3. Furthermore, the cell cycle regulating and anti-fibrotic effects of TGF-β3 have identified it as a potential mitigator of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced toxicity in healthy tissue.

Low-Dose-Rate Radiation-Induced Secretion of TGF-β3 Together with an Activator in Small Extracellular Vesicles Modifies Low-Dose Hyper-Radiosensitivity through ALK1 Binding.

Hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) is the increased sensitivity to low doses of ionizing radiation observed in most cell lines. We previously demonstrated that HRS is permanently abolished in cells irradiated at a low dose rate (LDR), in a mechanism dependent on transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3). In this study, we aimed to elucidate the activation and receptor binding of TGF-β3 in this mechanism.

Ultra-early changes in vascular parameters from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of breast cancer xenografts following systemic therapy with doxorubicin and liver X receptor agonist.

Background: Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) may be used to depict tumour vascular structure and for therapy response assessment in various tumour sites. The purpose of the current work is to examine whether ultra-early changes in tumour physiology following cytotoxic treatment with doxorubicin and liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 are detectable by DCE-MRI.

Methods: 36 female, athymic nude foxn1nu mice with bilaterally implanted breast cancer xenografts (17 with ER-positive HBCx34, 19 with triple-negative HBCx39) were randomised in the following treatment groups; control, GW3965 (40 mg/kg p.

Synthesis, radiosynthesis, and positron emission tomography neuroimaging using 5-[ F]fluoro-L-amino suberate.

System xc- (Sx -) has emerged as a new biological target for PET studies to detect oxidative and excitotoxic stress. Notably, applications have, thus far, been limited to tumour imaging although Sx ) may play a major role in neurodegeneration. The synthesis procedures of tosylate precursor and its translation to Sx - PET tracer 5[18F]fluoro-L-amino suberate by manual and automated radiosyntheses are described.

Influx rate of F-fluoroaminosuberic acid reflects cystine/glutamate antiporter expression in tumour xenografts.

Purpose: F-fluoroaminosuberic acid (F-FASu) is a recently developed amino acid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) of oxidative stress that may offer improved tumour assessment over the conventional tracer F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG). Our aim was to evaluate and relate dynamic F-FASu and F-FDG uptake with pharmacokinetic modelling to transporter protein expression levels in a panel of diverse tumour xenograft lines.

Methods: Four different tumour xenograft lines were implanted in female athymic nude mice: MAS98.

Variability of dynamic 18F-FDG-PET data in breast cancer xenografts.

Background: A murine breast cancer xenograft model was employed to evaluate inter- and intra-variability of various parameters derived from dynamic positron emission tomography with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose as tracer (FDG-PET).

Material And Methods: Seventeen female athymic nude foxn1/nu mice with bilaterally implanted triple-negative basal-like ductal carcinoma (MAS98.12) breast cancer xenografts underwent a dynamic PET scan over an hour after injection of approximately 10 MBq FDG.