Liver-First Resection in Patients With Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastases Is Associated With Inferior Recurrence-Free Survival: Reconsidering the Importance of the Primary Cancer.

Background: Synchronous colorectal liver metastases may be managed with primary-first, simultaneous, or liver-first resection. Relative oncologic outcomes based on treatment sequencing are understudied.

Objective: This study aimed to assess oncologic survival outcomes in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases managed with each of the 3 treatment strategies, with respect to early or delayed removal of the primary tumor.

Neurodegeneration in a domestic rabbit with severe malnourishment and low hepatic copper.

Copper is a trace element that plays an essential role in neurodevelopment and neurologic function. Acquired copper deficiency has a range of neurologic manifestations, with myelopathy being the most common association. We describe here the clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and toxicologic findings of a rabbit with malnutrition, neurodegeneration, and suspected copper deficiency.

Clinicopathological and pedigree investigation of a novel spinocerebellar neurological disease in juvenile Quarter Horses in North America.

Background: In 2020, a novel neurologic disease was observed in juvenile Quarter Horses (QHs) in North America. It was unknown if this was an aberrant manifestation of another previously described neurological disorder in foals, such as equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM).

Hypothesis/objectives: To describe the clinical findings, outcomes, and postmortem changes with Equine Juvenile Spinocerebellar Ataxia (EJSCA), differentiate the disease from other similar neurological disorders, and determine a mode of inheritance.

Implementing a Community Engagement Model to Develop a Community-Driven Oral Health Intervention.

Background: Using community-engaged research may result in interventions that reduce infant oral health disparities in underserved populations.

Objective: Develop community partnerships to create a sustainable infant oral health program that meets specific community-identified needs and provides an interprofessional education experience.

Methods: Partnering with the Homewood Community Engagement Center, researchers engaged and surveyed key community partners to assess the need for an infant oral health invention.

Diagnostic criteria and core outcome set development for necrotising otitis externa: the COSNOE Delphi consensus study.

Objective: Evidence for necrotising otitis externa (NOE) diagnosis and management is limited, and outcome reporting is heterogeneous. International best practice guidelines were used to develop consensus diagnostic criteria and a core outcome set (COS).

Methods: The study was pre-registered on the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database.

Is addressing violence against women prioritised in health policies? Findings from a WHO policies database.

Violence against women (VAW) affects almost 1 in 3 women and can lead to short and long-term adverse health outcomes. The health sector is an important entry point to respond to VAW. Globally, countries have committed to eliminating VAW through the SDGs and WHO Member States have endorsed a Global Plan of Action on Violence, which asks countries to provide comprehensive health services to VAW survivors.

Development of a Peripherally Restricted 5-HT Partial Agonist for Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Ligands for the serotonin 2B receptor (5-HT) have shown potential to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in preclinical models but cannot be used in humans because of predicted off-target neurological effects. The aim of this study was to develop novel systemically restricted compounds targeting 5-HT. Here, we show that mice treated with VU6047534 had decreased RVSP compared with control treatment in both the prevention and intervention studies using Sugen-hypoxia.

Infant Oral Health Education Curriculum for Medical, Nursing, and Social Work Trainees.

Tooth decay is the most common chronic disease in children, and children often see their primary care practitioners more frequently than dentists (Adjaye-Gbewonyo and Black 2019-2020; National Center for Health Statistics 2019-2020). This Infant Oral Health Education Program included two online training sessions for trainees in social work, nursing, medicine, and dentistry. Trainees were assessed on anticipated changes to their practice related to children's oral health.

Human Salmonellosis Outbreak Linked to Salmonella Typhimurium Epidemic in Wild Songbirds, United States, 2020-2021.

Salmonella infection causes epidemic death in wild songbirds, with potential to spread to humans. In February 2021, public health officials in Oregon and Washington, USA, isolated a strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from humans and a wild songbird. Investigation by public health partners ultimately identified 30 illnesses in 12 states linked to an epidemic of Salmonella Typhimurium in songbirds.

Endogenous H3.3K27M derived peptide restricted to HLA-A∗02:01 is insufficient for immune-targeting in diffuse midline glioma.

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a childhood brain tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has recently demonstrated some success in DMG, but there may a need to target multiple tumor-specific targets to avoid antigen escape. We developed a second-generation CAR targeting an HLA-A∗02:01 restricted histone 3K27M epitope in DMG, the target of previous peptide vaccination and T cell receptor-mimics.

Methodological reflections: developing the WHO database of violence against women policies.

This paper presents methodological reflections from the development of the World Health Organization (WHO) Violence against Women (VAW) Policies Database (hereinafter referred to as 'the Database') to inform future efforts to create similar public health policy databases for government accountability. Using the WHO Global Plan of Action on Violence accountability measures as a starting point, the Database was developed over a 2-year period in consultation with a reference group. A subset of indicators was piloted before finalization of a full list and the structure of the Database.

Amdoparvovirus-associated disease in striped skunks ().

Disease caused by the archetypical amdoparvovirus (APV), Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), has been well studied, but APV infections in other carnivores are poorly understood. Skunk amdoparvovirus (SKAV), one of a handful of newly discovered APVs, is apparently species-specific in striped skunks () and has a high prevalence across North America. We have evaluated the infection status and viral tissue distribution in a cohort of 26 free-ranging California skunks from a single rehabilitation facility who were euthanized due to poor prognosis for recovery from neurologic disease.

HER2 chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy is an effective treatment for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and other diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) of the thalamus and spinal cord are rare but devastating high-grade glial tumors of childhood with no curative treatment. Despite aggressive treatment attempts the prognosis has remained poor. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been identified as a promising new approach in the treatment of DMG tumors; however, additional targets are urgently required given known tumor heterogeneity and the prospect of antigen escape of this cancer.

Human EGFRvIII chimeric antigen receptor T cells demonstrate favorable safety profile and curative responses in orthotopic glioblastoma.

Objectives: Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and fatal brain malignancy, and effective targeted therapies are required. The combination of standard treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is not curative. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are known to cross the blood-brain barrier, mediating antitumor responses.

Dietary and lifestyle associations with microbiome diversity.

Background: Microbial dysbiosis has been closely linked with colorectal cancer development. However, data is limited regarding the relationship of the mucosal microbiome, adenomatous polyps and dietary habits. Understanding these associations may elucidate pathways for risk stratification according to diet.

How we approach complex vascular anomalies and overgrowth syndromes.

Vascular anomalies, both vascular tumors and vascular malformations, can occur in isolation or as part of syndromes including those which feature phenotypic overgrowth. To update what is known about vascular anomalies associated with overgrowth, PubMed was searched for "overgrowth syndromes and vascular anomalies or malformations." PubMed, OMIM, and the Rare Disease Database also were searched for specific diagnoses.

A reciprocal translocation involving Aspergillus nidulans snxAHrb1/Gbp2 and gyfA uncovers a new regulator of the G2-M transition and reveals a role in transcriptional repression for the setBSet2 histone H3-lysine-36 methyltransferase.

Aspergillus nidulans snxA, an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hrb1/Gbp2 messenger RNA shuttle proteins, is-in contrast to budding yeast-involved in cell cycle regulation, in which snxA1 and snxA2 mutations as well as a snxA deletion specifically suppress the heat sensitivity of mutations in regulators of the CDK1 mitotic induction pathway. snxA mutations are strongly cold sensitive, and at permissive temperature snxA mRNA and protein expression are strongly repressed. Initial attempts to identify the causative snxA mutations revealed no defects in the SNXA protein.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Effect of copper on the antifungal activity of disulfiram (Antabuse®) in fluconazole-resistant Candida strains.

Unlabelled: Disulfiram (Antabuse®) is an alcohol use disorder medication that exhibits antifungal activity against Candida species. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if copper potentiates the antifungal effects of disulfiram based on prior observations that the combination demonstrates increased antitumor activity. Our findings revealed that copper addition conferred up to an eight-fold reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of disulfiram by broth microdilution assessment.

Colonic Microbial Abundances Predict Adenoma Formers.

Objective: We aimed to examine associations between the oral, fecal, and mucosal microbiome communities and adenoma formation.

Summary Background Data: Data are limited regarding the relationships between microbiota and preneoplastic colorectal lesions.

Methods: Individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy were prospectively enrolled and divided into adenoma and nonadenoma formers.

Effect of a Novel Mindfulness Curriculum on Burnout During Pediatric Internship: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Mindfulness curricula can improve physician burnout, but implementation during residency presents challenges.

Objective: To examine whether a novel mindfulness curriculum implemented in the first 6 months of internship reduces burnout.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This pragmatic, multicenter, stratified cluster randomized clinical trial of a mindfulness curriculum randomized 340 pediatric interns to the intervention or control arm within program pairs generated based on program size and region.

Generalized dermatophytosis caused by in 8 juvenile black bears in California.

From 2014-2019, 8 juvenile black bears () from different geographic regions were presented to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife because of emaciation, alopecia, and exfoliative dermatitis that resulted in death or euthanasia. Autopsy and histopathology revealed that all 8 bears had generalized hyperkeratotic dermatitis, folliculitis, and furunculosis. Skin structures were heavily colonized by fungal hyphae and arthrospores; fungal cultures of skin from 7 bears yielded , a zoophilic dermatophyte reported only rarely in non-equid species.