Detection of Geographic Atrophy Guided by Optical Coherence Tomography Sub-RPE Illumination Analysis in Patients With Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

To evaluate the prevalence of geographic atrophy (GA) lesions in patients with a diagnosis of intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD). A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed of patients with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnosis of iAMD. The primary outcome was the percentage of eyes diagnosed with iAMD with an undocumented GA lesion identified on imaging.

Evaluation of Sustained Intraocular Pressure Elevations Across Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents.

To evaluate the effect of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents on the development of sustained intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations. This single-center retrospective cohort study included eyes receiving anti-VEGF injections for various indications along with nontreated fellow eyes from 2012 to 2022. Patients were grouped according to treatment with bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or aflibercept.

Predictors of Vision Loss After Lapse in Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema.

To identify baseline characteristics that predict visual outcomes after a lapse in treatment among patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) who received intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections. In this retrospective study, patients with DME who had lapses in treatment of 3 months or longer were separated into 2 groups (stable vision, n = 201; vision loss, n = 61) based on an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study vision loss threshold of 10 letters. Stepwise backward logistic regression was used to analyze baseline factors associated with vision loss and to create a predictive algorithm.

Risk of audiologic side effects with teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease: propensity matched analysis.

Background/objectives: Patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) taking teprotumumab have reported audiologic symptoms as a side effect; however, limited real world data and large sample sizes have been utilized to evaluate this relationship.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was created in TriNetX to identify patients with TED utilizing ICD-10, CPT, and Healthcare Common Procedure coding systems. TED patients with and without teprotumumab treatment were analysed with greedy one-to-one propensity matching.

Associations between Androgen Exposure, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Transmasculine Individuals with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: The prevalence of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) among transmasculine, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and androgen-exposed patients remains largely unexplored. Although these groups involve patients with elevated testosterone levels, previous literature is inconclusive on the influence of testosterone on CSCR. This study aimed to determine the relationship between CSCR and cohorts with exogenous androgen exposure, female-to-male (FTM) transgender individuals, and those diagnosed with PCOS.

Relationship Between Janus Kinase Inhibitor Use and Development of Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Background And Objective: Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitors may have increased risk of thromboembolism compared to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. This study investigates the association between Jak inhibitor use and retinal vein occlusion.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective, non-randomized cohort study used a federated health research network.

Long-term Visual Outcomes in Patients With Idiopathic Macular Hole Surgery.

Background And Objective: This study assesses long-term outcomes following surgical repair of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) in patients with at least 5 years of postoperative follow-up.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study evaluated patients diagnosed with idiopathic FTMH who received surgical repair at a single tertiary center with at least 5 years of postoperative follow-up. Data collection included demographic and preoperative characteristics along with macular hole structural integrity as determined by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Investigating the Relationship Between Lipid-Lowering Agents and the Complications of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background And Objective: As the therapeutic efficacy of lipid-lowering agents (LLA) against diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains controversial, this study aimed to evaluate whether various LLA therapies are associated with a reduced risk of DR progression.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study of the medical records of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DR compared the risk of adverse progression of DR between patients who received statins, fibrates, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, and no LLA (control).

Results: Patients in the statin cohort had a reduced rate of progression to proliferative DR compared to controls (HR = 0.

American Society of Retina Specialists Artificial Intelligence Task Force Report.

Since the Artificial Intelligence Committee of the American Society of Retina Specialists developed the initial task force report in 2020, the artificial intelligence (AI) field has seen further adoption of US Food and Drug Administration-approved AI platforms and significant development of AI for various retinal conditions. With expansion of this technology comes further areas of challenges, including the data sources used in AI, the democracy of AI, commercialization, bias, and the need for provider education on the technology of AI. The overall focus of this committee report is to explore these recent issues as they relate to the continued development of AI and its integration into ophthalmology and retinal practice.

Development and Resolution of Subfoveal Lucency and Hyperreflective Deposits Following Silicone Oil Insertion and Removal.

Silicone oil (SO) is commonly used as a retinal tamponade during pars plana vitrectomy for complicated retinal detachments. Although fairly inert, complications such as cataract formation, intraocular pressure elevation, corneal changes, inner retinal thinning, and optic neuropathy have been noted. We report two cases of postoperative subfoveal outer retinal lucency and hyperreflective deposits following SO insertion and resolution following removal.

Analysis of retinal alterations utilizing intraoperative OCT following surgical interventions with novel ILM forceps in the DISCOVER study.

This study aimed to assess retinal alterations following membrane peeling procedures using novel ILM Forceps with laser ablated surface with the help of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT). A post-hoc analysis was performed to evaluate iOCT findings in eyes that underwent membrane peeling procedures with the novel ILM Forceps. Pre-peel and post-peel iOCT videos and images were evaluated for each eye to assess for post-peel anatomic alterations.

Retrospective Cohort Study of Sickle Cell Disease and Large Vessel Retinal Vascular Occlusion Risk in a National United States Database.

Objective: To determine if differences exist in the risk of developing large vessel retinal vascular occlusions in patients with sickle cell states.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) or trait evaluated by an ophthalmologist were compared with matched controls without SCD or sickle cell trait (SCT) also evaluated by an ophthalmologist.

Characterisation and Visual Outcomes of Fulminant Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Narrative Review.

Fulminant idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rapid vision-degrading presentation of IIH with limited published studies. This study composed a narrative review of fulminant IIH with the aim of better characterising fulminant IIH presentation and visual outcomes. SCOPUS and PubMed were searched for papers referencing IIH, benign intracranial hypertension, or pseudotumour cerebri.

Melatonin and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Importance: Melatonin has been shown to oppose several processes that are known to mediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but whether melatonin can confer benefits against AMD remains unclear.

Objective: To examine the association between melatonin supplementation and the risk of the development or progression of AMD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study accessed data from TriNetX, a national database of deidentified electronic medical records from both inpatient and outpatient health care organizations across the US, between December 4, 2023, and March 19, 2024.

Automated Evaluation of Ellipsoid Zone At-Risk Burden for Detection of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy.

Background: Screening for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy is crucial to detecting early disease. A novel machine-learning-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarker, Ellipsoid Zone (EZ) At-Risk, can quantitatively measure EZ alterations and at-risk areas for progressive EZ loss in a fully automated fashion. The purpose of this analysis was to compare the EZ At-Risk burden in eyes with HCQ toxicity to eyes without toxicity.

Incidence of ocular pathology following bariatric surgery for with morbid obesity across a large United States National Database.

Background/objectives: Bariatric surgery, as indicated for treatment of morbid obesity, has been studied in association with short term effects on ocular pathology. However, effects of surgery on postoperative disease incidence is largely unknown.

Subjects/methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the TriNetX United States Collaborative Network national database, was queried for patients with an ICD-10 code for morbid obesity and a procedural code for bariatric surgery.

Comparing Three-Dimensional Digitally Enabled Intraoperative OCT With Conventional Microscope-Integrated OCT in Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Post Hoc Analysis of the DISCOVER Study.

Background And Objective: This study compared the surgeon experience between conventional microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) and digitally enabled microscope-integrated iOCT in vitreoretinal surgery.

Patients And Methods: This is a post hoc case-control analysis of the DISCOVER study. Conventional microscope-integrated iOCT (Rescan 700, Zeiss) was compared with digitally enabled iOCT (Artevo 800, Zeiss).

Real-world effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection frequency on visual outcomes in patients with diabetic macular oedema.

Background And Objective: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections are often administered less frequently in real-world treatment of diabetic macular oedema (DMO) than what was studied in clinical trials. This study aims to characterise real-world DMO treatment patterns and the effect of treatment intervals on patient outcomes.

Study Design/patients And Methods: This was a retrospective study of 291 patients with DMO treated with anti-VEGF therapy.