Coho salmon () are highly sensitive to 6PPD-Quinone (6PPD-Q). Details of the hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling spatial and temporal dynamics of 6PPD-Q fate and transport from points of deposition to receiving waters (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMass-Suite (MSS) is a Python-based, open-source software package designed to analyze high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based non-targeted analysis (NTA) data, particularly for water quality assessment and other environmental applications. MSS provides flexible, user-defined workflows for HRMS data processing and analysis, including both basic functions (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe here report chemical characteristics relevant to the fate and transport of the recently discovered environmental toxicant 6PPD-quinone (2-((4-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione or "6PPDQ"). 6PPDQ is a transformation product of the tire rubber antioxidant 6PPD that is ubiquitous in roadway environments, including atmospheric particulate matter, soils, runoff, and receiving waters, after dispersal from tire rubber use and wear on roadways. The aqueous solubility and octanol-water partitioning coefficient ( log ) for 6PPDQ were measured to be 38 ± 10 μg L and 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF6PPD, a tire rubber antioxidant, poses substantial ecological risks because it can form a highly toxic quinone transformation product (TP), 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), during exposure to gas-phase ozone. Important data gaps exist regarding the structures, reaction mechanisms, and environmental occurrence of TPs from 6PPD ozonation. To address these data gaps, gas-phase ozonation of 6PPD was conducted over 24-168 h and ozonation TPs were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemical contamination is an increasingly important conservation issue in urban runoff-impacted watersheds. Regulatory and restoration efforts typically evaluate limited conventional parameters and pollutants. However, complex urban chemical mixtures contain hundreds to thousands of organic contaminants that remain unidentified, unregulated, and poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-targeted analysis (NTA) encompasses a rapidly evolving set of mass spectrometry techniques aimed at characterizing the chemical composition of complex samples, identifying unknown compounds, and/or classifying samples, without prior knowledge regarding the chemical content of the samples. Recent advances in NTA are the result of improved and more accessible instrumentation for data generation and analysis tools for data evaluation and interpretation. As researchers continue to develop NTA approaches in various scientific fields, there is a growing need to identify, disseminate, and adopt community-wide method reporting guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-targeted analysis (NTA) workflows using mass spectrometry are gaining popularity in many disciplines, but universally accepted reporting standards are nonexistent. Current guidance addresses limited elements of NTA reporting-most notably, identification confidence-and is insufficient to ensure scientific transparency and reproducibility given the complexity of these methods. This lack of reporting standards hinders researchers' development of thorough study protocols and reviewers' ability to efficiently assess grant and manuscript submissions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTire tread wear particles (TWP) are increasingly recognized as a global pollutant of surface waters, but their impact on biota in receiving waters is rarely addressed. In the developed U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn U.S. Pacific Northwest coho salmon (), stormwater exposure annually causes unexplained acute mortality when adult salmon migrate to urban creeks to reproduce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStormwater runoff clearly impacts water quality and ecological health of urban receiving waters. Subsequent management efforts are often guided by conceptual models of contaminant "first flushes", defined by disproportionate concentrations or mass loads early in the storm hydrograph. However, studies examining the dynamics of contaminant transport and receiving water hydrology have primarily focused on "traditional" stormwater contaminants and point sources, with less evaluation of chemically complex nonpoint pollution sources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiffuse pollution in urban receiving waters often adversely impacts both humans and ecosystems. Identifying such pollution sources is challenging and limits the effectiveness of management actions intended to reduce risk. Here, we evaluated the use of nontarget analysis via high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to develop chemical fingerprints/signatures for source tracking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
January 2020
This study used suspect and nontarget screening with high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the nearshore marine environment of Puget Sound (WA). In total, 87 non-polymeric CECs were identified; those confirmed with reference standards (45) included pharmaceuticals, herbicides, vehicle-related compounds, plasticizers, and flame retardants. Eight polyfluoroalkyl substances were detected; perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations were as high as 72-140 ng/L at one location.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPollutants transported in urban stormwater runoff induce pervasive water quality degradation in receiving waters. To accurately characterize stormwater quality and treatment system performance across the range of possible contaminant characteristics, comprehensive multi-residue analytical methods are necessary. Here, we developed a solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify representative stormwater-derived organic contaminants across multiple chemical classes, including vehicle-related chemicals, corrosion inhibitors, industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and antioxidants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe hyporheic zone (HZ), located at the interface of surface and groundwater, is a natural bioreactor for attenuation of chemical contaminants. Engineered HZs can be incorporated into stream restoration projects to enhance hyporheic exchange, with flowpaths optimized to promote biological habitat, water quantity, and water quality improvements. Designing HZs for in-stream treatment of stormwater, a significant source of flow and contaminant loads to urban creeks, requires assessment of both the hydrology and biogeochemical capacity for water quality improvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrban stormwater is a major threat to ecological health, causing a range of adverse, mostly sublethal effects. In western North America, urban runoff is acutely lethal to adult coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch) that spawn each fall in freshwater creeks. Although the mortality syndrome is correlated to urbanization and attributed to road runoff contaminant(s), the causal agent(s) remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVia a single-pot electrospinning synthesis, we developed a functionalized polymer-metal oxide nanofiber filter for point of use (POU) water treatment of metal oxyanions (e.g., arsenate and chromate).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe developed an electrospun carbon nanofiber-carbon nanotube (CNF-CNT) composite with optimal sorption capacity and material strength for point-of-use (POU) water treatment. Synthesis variables including integration of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and macroporosity (via sublimation of phthalic acid), relative humidity (20 and 40%), and stabilization temperature (250 and 280 °C) were used to control nanofiber diameter and surface area (from electron microscopy and BET isotherms, respectively), surface composition (from XPS), and strength (from AFM nanoindentation and tensile strength tests). Composites were then evaluated using kinetic, isotherm, and pH-edge sorption experiments with sulfamethoxazole (log Kow = 0.
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