Preliminary report: Sleep duration during late pregnancy predicts postpartum emotional responses among parents at risk for postpartum depression.

Introduction: Sleep loss is common during the perinatal period; however, few studies have assessed potential consequences of insufficient sleep for postnatal emotional responding, a key contributor to parenting behaviors with implications for parent-infant bonding and mental health. To generate hypotheses for future work assessing perinatal sleep and emotion-related outcomes, this pilot study explored whether prenatal sleep duration predicted postnatal emotional responding in a sample at risk for postpartum depression.

Methods: Participants were nine birthing parents with a prior mood disorder who were not in a current episode at enrollment.

Does sleep link child maltreatment to depressive symptoms among incoming first-year college students?

Study Objectives: We examined whether sleep (i.e. quality, regularity, and duration) mediated associations between child maltreatment (CM) and depressive symptoms among emerging adults undergoing the major life transition of starting college.

Maternal Childhood Adversity and Infant Epigenetic Aging: Moderation by Restless Sleep During Pregnancy.

Maternal exposure to childhood adversity is associated with detrimental health outcomes throughout the lifespan and may have implications for offspring. Evidence links maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to detrimental birth outcomes, yet the impact on the infant's epigenome is unclear. Moreover, maternal sleep habits during pregnancy may influence this association.

Associations between Perinatal Sleepiness and Breastfeeding Intentions and Attitudes and Infant Feeding Behaviors and Beliefs.

Breastfeeding rates fall short of public health goals, but barriers are poorly understood. We examined whether excessive sleepiness during pregnancy and the postpartum period was associated with breastfeeding intentions, attitudes, initiation, and continuation in a tobacco-exposed sample participating in a randomized controlled trial to reduce smoke exposure (n = 399). We used the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to examine associations between excessive sleepiness in early (12-16 weeks gestation) and late (32 weeks gestation) pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum, with breastfeeding attitudes using the Mitra index, intentions, initiation, and continuation, as well as other infant feeding practices using the Infant Feeding Questionnaire.

Preventing recurrence of postpartum depression by regulating sleep.

Introduction: Women are at a high risk of recurrence of depression in the postpartum period. Given the circumscribed duration of the risk period and knowledge of its triggers, postpartum depression should be easily preventable. However, prophylactic drug studies have reported contradictory findings partly due to the heterogeneity of the disorder.

Insomnia and Other Sleep Disorders in Older Adults.

Sleep disruption is common in older adults and is associated with many poor health outcomes. It is vital for providers to understand insomnia and other sleep disorders in this population. This article outlines age-related changes in sleep, and medical, psychiatric, environmental, and psychosocial factors that may impact sleep.

Feasibility of an Antiracism Curriculum in an Academic Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division.

Background: Structural health inequities and racism adversely affect patient health and the culture of academic medicine. Formal training to educate fellows and faculty on antiracism is lacking.

Objective: Our objective was to design, implement, and assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a year-long antiracism curriculum within a pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine division.

A scoping review of non-pharmacological perinatal interventions impacting maternal sleep and maternal mental health.

Background: A woman's vulnerability to sleep disruption and mood disturbance is heightened during the perinatal period and there is a strong bidirectional relationship between them. Both sleep disruption and mood disturbance can result in significant adverse outcomes for women and their infant. Thus, supporting and improving sleep in the perinatal period is not only an important outcome in and of itself, but also a pathway through which future mental health outcomes may be altered.

Targeting Anxiety to Improve Sleep Disturbance: A Randomized Clinical Trial of App-Based Mindfulness Training.

Objective: Sleep disturbance is experienced by nearly 20% of Americans and is highly comorbid with anxiety. Sleep disturbances may predict the development of anxiety disorders. Mindfulness training (MT) has shown efficacy for anxiety yet remains limited by in-person-based delivery.

Successful lactation after resuming methylphenidate in a woman with narcolepsy.

Background: New mothers with narcolepsy face difficult decisions about medications and breastfeeding in addition to the more typical challenges of becoming a parent. Scant data are available to guide these choices.

Case: A 30-year-old gravida 1, para 1(G1P1) woman with narcolepsy with cataplexy fed her infant breastmilk for 7 months by exclusive pumping.

A mixed methods study of perinatal sleep and breastfeeding outcomes in women at risk for postpartum depression.

Introduction: Pregnant and postpartum women experience significant sleep disruption, but the role of perinatal sleep disturbances in breastfeeding is understudied.

Methods: In this observational cohort study, we used mixed methods to examine associations between perinatal sleep and breastfeeding. Forty-eight women (mean age 28.

Representation of Women on Journal Editorial Boards Affiliated with the Association of American Medical College's Council of Faculty and Academic Societies.

The Council of Faculty and Academic Societies (CFAS) comprises representatives from medical schools and professional societies who guide the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Given the AAMC's stated mission to improve diversity and inclusion, we used gender-related representation on journal editorial boards as a proxy for evaluating CFAS member societies' commitments to equity. From screenshots of journal mastheads ( = 44) collected June 3-6, 2019, individuals were categorized by editorial position.

Living with Narcolepsy: Current Management Strategies, Future Prospects, and Overlooked Real-Life Concerns.

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder of the sleep-wake cycle characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), cataplexy, nighttime sleep disturbances, and REM-sleep-related phenomena (sleep paralysis, hallucinations) that intrude into wakefulness. Dysfunction of the hypocretin/orexin system has been implicated as the underlying cause of narcolepsy with cataplexy. In most people with narcolepsy, symptom onset occurs between the ages of 10 and 35 years, but because the disorder is underrecognized and testing is complex, delays in diagnosis and treatment are common.

Racial/ethnic disparities in sleep duration and sleep disturbances among pregnant and non-pregnant women in the United States.

Sleep disturbances among pregnant women are increasingly linked to suboptimal maternal/birth outcomes. Few studies in the USA investigating sleep by pregnancy status have included racially/ethnically diverse populations, despite worsening disparities in adverse birth outcomes. Using a nationally representative sample of 71,644 (2,349 pregnant) women from the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2017), we investigated relationships between self-reported pregnancy and six sleep characteristics stratified by race/ethnicity.

Delayed sleep timing and circadian rhythms in pregnancy and transdiagnostic symptoms associated with postpartum depression.

Later sleep timing, circadian preference, and circadian rhythm timing predict worse outcomes across multiple domains, including mood disorders, substance use, impulse control, and cognitive function. Disturbed sleep is common among pregnant and postpartum women. We examined whether sleep timing during third trimester of pregnancy predicted postpartum symptoms of mania, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Representation of Women Among Invited Speakers at Medical Specialty Conferences.

Gender-related differences have been found among invited speakers in select professional and medical societies. We examined whether similar disparities existed among keynote speakers, plenary speakers, and invited lecturers in a broad range of medical specialty conferences from 2013 to 2017. A cross-sectional study was performed on 27 U.

Circadian Health and Light: A Report on the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Workshop.

Despite the omnipresence of artificial and natural light exposure, there exists little guidance in the United States and elsewhere on light exposure in terms of timing, intensity, spectrum, and other light characteristics known to affect human health, performance, and well-being; in parallel, there is little information regarding the quantity and characteristics of light exposure that people receive. To address this, the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, in the Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, held a workshop in August 2016 on circadian health and light. Workshop participants discussed scientific research advances on the effects of light on human physiology, identified remaining knowledge gaps in these research areas, and articulated opportunities to use appropriate lighting to protect and improve circadian-dependent health.