"If he doesn't buy in, it's a waste of time": Perspectives from diverse parents and adolescents on engaging children in ADHD treatment.

Engaging children and adolescents in ADHD care is critical for future independent disease management. However, there is a lack of evidence guiding health professionals and parents on how best to engage their children and adolescents in ADHD care. We recruited 41 diverse parents of children and adolescents with ADHD and 11 adolescents with ADHD from an urban, safety-net hospital to participate in in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews and then analyzed this data using thematic analysis.

Generalizability of Randomized Controlled Trials in Rectal Cancer.

Background: The generalizability of outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in oncology is a frequent concern. Given the prevalence and multidisciplinary management of rectal cancer, understanding the generalizability of rectal cancer RCTs is critical to surgical oncologists.

Methods: An exhaustive literature review identified 100 non-metastatic rectal cancer RCTs published in English over the past 10 years investigating surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy.

Six Stages of Engagement in ADHD Treatment Described by Diverse, Urban Parents.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition in children. Although ADHD is treatable, barriers remain to engagement in treatment, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged and racial and ethnic minority families. Our goal was to examine the process by which families engage in ADHD treatment and to identify targets for an intervention to improve engagement in care.

The Association between Pathologic Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Postoperative Complications.

Introduction: With growing interest in the watch-and-wait strategy, the benefits of avoiding surgery and its complications must be weighed against possible recurrence and need for salvage surgery. However, the relationship between pathologic complete response (pCR) and postoperative complications has not been well established.

Methods: This is a retrospective study using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Proctectomy and Colectomy Procedure-Targeted databases from 2016 to 2018.

Found in translation: cross-cultural consensus in the accurate categorization of male sexual orientation.

Across cultures, people converge in some behaviors and diverge in others. As little is known about the accuracy of judgments across cultures outside of the domain of emotion recognition, the present study investigated the influence of culture in another area: the social categorization of men's sexual orientations. Participants from nations varying in their acceptance of homosexuality (United States, Japan, and Spain) categorized the faces of men from all three cultures significantly better than chance guessing.

Mating interest improves women's accuracy in judging male sexual orientation.

People can accurately infer others' traits and group memberships across several domains. We examined heterosexual women's accuracy in judging male sexual orientation across the fertility cycle (Study 1) and found that women's accuracy was significantly greater the nearer they were to peak ovulation. In contrast, women's accuracy was not related to their fertility when they judged the sexual orientations of other women (Study 2).