Review of iodine behavior from nuclear fuel dissolution to environmental release.

During nuclear fuel reprocessing, radioiodine, can be released. The speciation of iodine drives its volatility, and partitioning processes are highly variable because they depend on facility operating conditions. Starting from iodine behavior in the fuel and progressing to its behavior in the environment, this review article describes the current understanding of iodine partitioning during aqueous fuel reprocessing.

A New Triketone Ligand for Extraction of Lithium from Brines.

Recovery of lithium from brines by liquid-liquid solvent extraction (LLE) with diketones and synergistic co-ligands has been investigated for decades, but industrial application has been limited. In pursuit of a ligand with improved properties, a series of ketonamides with beta-carbonyl groups were designed, synthesized, and tested in extraction of lithium from sulfate and carbonate simulants of clay mineral tailing leachates. The best performing ligand, a novel tricarbonyl amide, was characterized for lithium extraction with and without four synergistic co-ligands.

Size Selective Ligand Tug of War Strategy to Separate Rare Earth Elements.

Separating rare earth elements is a daunting task due to their similar properties. We report a "tug of war" strategy that employs a lipophilic and hydrophilic ligand with contrasting selectivity, resulting in a magnified separation of target rare earth elements. Specifically, a novel water-soluble bis-lactam-1,10-phenanthroline with an affinity for light lanthanides is coupled with oil-soluble diglycolamide that selectively binds heavy lanthanides.

Advancing Rare-Earth Separation by Machine Learning.

Constituting the bulk of rare-earth elements, lanthanides need to be separated to fully realize their potential as critical materials in many important technologies. The discovery of new ligands for improving rare-earth separations by solvent extraction, the most practical rare-earth separation process, is still largely based on trial and error, a low-throughput and inefficient approach. A predictive model that allows high-throughput screening of ligands is needed to identify suitable ligands to achieve enhanced separation performance.

Gastrointestinal distress, State and Trait anxiety, and dietary intake among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This study examined the impact of State and Trait anxiety and dietary intake on college students' gastrointestinal symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants: A total of 455 students, aged 18-23, from two residential colleges in the midwestern United States participated in the study during April 2021.

Methods: An online questionnaire that included the National Cancer Institute Dietary Screener, State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety, and an adapted version of the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Questionnaire was used.

Photocytotoxicity of Thiophene- and Bithiophene-Dipicolinato Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes.

New thiophene-dipicolinato-based compounds, KTdpa ( = 1, 2), were isolated. Their anions are sensitizers of lanthanide ion (Ln) luminescence and singlet oxygen generation (O). Emission in the visible and near-infrared regions was observed for the Ln complexes with efficiencies (ϕ) ϕ = 33% and ϕ = 0.

Luminescent lanthanide complexes with a pyridine-bis(carboxamide)-bithiophene sensitizer showing wavelength-dependent singlet oxygen generation.

A new pyridine-bis(carboxamide)-based ligand with a bithiophene pendant, 2Tcbx, was synthesized. Its lanthanide ion (Ln) complexes, [Ln(2Tcbx)], were isolated and their photophysical properties were explored. Upon excitation at 360 nm, these complexes display emission in the near-infrared (NIR) with efficiencies of 0.

Photocytotoxicity of Oligothienyl-Functionalized Chelates That Sensitize Ln Luminescence and Generate O.

Three new compounds containing a heptadentate lanthanide (Ln ) ion chelator functionalized with oligothiophenes, nThept(COOH) (n=1, 2, or 3), were isolated. Their Ln complexes not only display the characteristic metal-centered emission in the visible or near-infrared (NIR) but also generate singlet oxygen ( O ). Luminescence efficiencies (ϕ ) for [Eu1Thept(COO) ] and [Eu2Thept(COO) ] are ϕ =3 % and 0.

Wavelength-Dependent Singlet Oxygen Generation in Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes with a Pyridine-Bis(Carboxamide)-Terthiophene Sensitizer.

Lanthanide ion (Ln ) complexes, [Ln(3Tcbx) ] (Ln =Yb , Nd , Er ) are isolated with a new pyridine-bis(carboxamide)-based ligand with a 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene pendant (3TCbx), and their resulting photophysical properties are explored. Upon excitation of the complexes at 490 nm, only Ln emission is observed with efficiencies of 0.29 % at 976 nm for Ln =Yb and 0.

O Generating Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes with 1,8-Naphthalimide-Based Sensitizers.

Lanthanide ion (Ln) complexes with two new 1,8-naphthalimide-based ligands, and , were isolated, and their photophysical properties were explored. Upon excitation at 335 nm, and sensitize visible and near-infrared emitting Ln ions (Ln = Eu, Nd, and Yb) and generate singlet oxygen (O). The quantum yields of Eu luminescence for [Eu()] and [Eu()] are 16.

SIX2 Mediates Late-Stage Metastasis via Direct Regulation of and Induction of a Cancer Stem Cell Program.

The capacity for tumor cells to metastasize efficiently is directly linked to their ability to colonize secondary sites. Here we identify Six2, a developmental transcription factor, as a critical regulator of a breast cancer stem cell program that enables metastatic colonization. In several triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models, Six2 enhanced the expression of genes associated with embryonic stem cell programs.

Esfenvalerate-induced case-abandonment in the larvae of the caddisfly (Brachycentrus americanus).

Field-collected Brachycentrus americanus Banks (Trichoptera: Brachycentridae) larvae were used to investigate the relationship between esfenvalerate exposure and case-abandonment response, determine larval ability to construct a new case, and measure the change in predation risk to insects in rebuilt cases. We evaluated case-abandonment following four environmentally relevant esfenvalerate exposures, 0.05, 0.