Increased cerebral and renal endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression after cardiopulmonary bypass in the rat.

Objective: Hemodilution and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genetic polymorphism may contribute to cerebral and renal injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. This study tested the hypothesis that cardiopulmonary bypass and anemia stimulate an increase in cerebral and renal endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression in an experimental model of cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods: Anesthetized rats underwent a sham procedure without cardiopulmonary bypass (sham, n = 5), normothermic bypass for 1 hour (CPB, n = 7), or bypass plus hemodilutional anemia (CPB anemia, n = 9).