A functional definition to distinguish ponds from lakes and wetlands.

Ponds are often identified by their small size and shallow depths, but the lack of a universal evidence-based definition hampers science and weakens legal protection. Here, we compile existing pond definitions, compare ecosystem metrics (e.g.

Spontaneous gastric carcinomas in sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys).

Sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) are native to West Africa and are a natural host of SIV, which is implicated in the origin of HIV2. They have been used in studies of AIDS pathogenesis, leprosy, immune responses, reproductive biology, and behavior. Spontaneous tumors have rarely been reported in this species.

Schistosoma mansoni enhances host susceptibility to mucosal but not intravenous challenge by R5 Clade C SHIV.

Background: The high prevalence of HIV-1/AIDS in areas endemic for schistosomiasis and other helminthic infections has led to the hypothesis that parasites increase host susceptibility to immunodeficiency virus infection. We previously showed that rhesus macaques (RM) with active schistosomiasis were significantly more likely to become systemically infected after intrarectal (i.r.

Spontaneous primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).

A 3-y-old male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) was noticed to be lethargic in the compound. Physical exam revealed cyanotic mucous membranes, dyspnea, bilateral harsh lung sounds, wheezing on expiration, and a firm mass possibly associated with the liver. Radiographs revealed bilateral soft tissue opacities in the thorax.

Hormonal synchronization of the menstrual cycles of pigtail macaques to facilitate biomedical research including modeling HIV susceptibility.

Background: Menstrual cycle synchronization of female pigtail macaques could prove an invaluable resource in studies of the reproductive tract, associated infections, and other potential research fields. We tested whether use of an oral progesterone and estradiol combination tablet could synchronize menstrual cycles following treatment discontinuation.

Methods: Daily desogestrel 0.

AIDS and optic neuritis in a rhesus monkey infected with the R5 clade C SHIV-1157ipd3N4.

A Chinese rhesus macaque infected with the pathogenic CCR5-tropic clade C simian-human immunodeficiency virus, SHIV-1157ipd3N4, had persistent viremia, depletion of CD4(+) T cells to <200 cells/μl, opportunistic infections, coagulopathy, and gradual development of bilateral blindness. MRI revealed marked thickening of both optic nerves. Histopathological evaluation showed diffuse cellular infiltration at necropsy and a focus of SHIV-infected cells.

Seroprevalence of West Nile virus in nonhuman primates as related to mosquito abundance at two national primate research centers.

West Nile virus (WNV) surfaced as an emerging infectious disease in the northeastern United States in 1999, gradually spread across the continent, and is now endemic throughout North America. Outdoor-housed nonhuman primates at the Tulane National Primate Research Center (TNPRC) in Louisiana were documented with a relatively high prevalence (36%) of antibodies to West Nile virus. We examined the prevalence of antibodies to WNV in a nonhuman primate population housed in outdoor colonies at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station located near Atlanta, Georgia.

Toxic shock due to Streptococcus pyogenes in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

Recent years have seen a worldwide resurgence in serious infections caused by group A streptococci. This group includes Streptococcus pyogenes, one of the most common pathogens among children which causes diverse suppurative infections, such as pharyngitis, as well as nonsuppurative infections with sequelae, such as rheumatoid fever and rheumatic heart disease. S.

Spontaneous cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys): a case report.

An adult sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) with a solid mass arising from the skin of the dorsolateral cervical area was presented to the veterinary clinical staff. Grossly, the mass was firm, elongated, ulcerated at the tip, and measured 2.7 x 2.