Recent Incarceration Among Individuals Infected With Hepatitis A Virus During Person-to-Person Community Outbreaks, United States, 2016-2020.

Objectives: Although many people who are incarcerated have risk factors for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, the proportion of hepatitis A cases among people with a recent incarceration is unknown. We examined the relationship between recent incarceration and HAV infection during community-based, person-to-person outbreaks to inform public health recommendations.

Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveyed health departments in 33 jurisdictions reporting person-to-person HAV outbreaks during 2016-2020 on the number of outbreak-associated cases, HAV-infected people recently incarcerated, and HAV-associated hospitalizations and deaths.

Salmonellosis Outbreak After a Large-Scale Food Event in Virginia, 2017.

Objectives: The Virginia Department of Health (VDH) identified an outbreak of serotype Javiana infections in Virginia after a chili and chowder cook-off with 11 competitors and about 2500 attendees on September 30, 2017. The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of the outbreak and identify the most likely source of exposure.

Methods: To identify people with suspected infection, VDH used press releases and social media posts to recruit event attendees to take an online survey about foods eaten at the cook-off and any gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms experienced.

Listeria monocytogenes in donated platelets: a potential transfusion-transmitted pathogen intercepted through screening.

Background: Bacterial contamination of blood components is a potentially life-threatening complication of transfusions. In October 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) noted four Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) isolates cultured from four different units of donated apheresis platelets (PLTs) among Lm isolates sent to the CDC National Listeria Reference Laboratory for subtyping as part of routine surveillance activities.

Study Design And Methods: We describe an investigation to determine possible common sources of infection among donors or factors associated with PLT collection or storage and to determine whether human transfusion-associated listeriosis cases had been reported.

Two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Randolph County, West Virginia: a coincidence of time and place?

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is caused by an infection with viruses of the genus Hantavirus in the western hemisphere. Rodent hosts of hantaviruses are present throughout the United States. In July 2004, two HPS case-patients were identified in Randolph County, WV: a wildlife science graduate student working locally and a Randolph County resident.

Limitations to successful investigation and reporting of foodborne outbreaks: an analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in FoodNet catchment areas, 1998-1999.

To better understand factors associated with confirming the etiologic organism and identifying the food vehicle responsible for foodborne-disease outbreaks, we examined data from outbreaks reported in 1998 and 1999 through active surveillance by Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) surveillance areas in 7 states. In 71% of these outbreaks, no confirmed etiology was identified, and in 46%, no suspected food vehicle was identified. Outbreaks involving > or =10 cases were significantly more likely to have their etiology identified than were smaller outbreaks.

Physicians as food-safety educators: a practices and perceptions survey.

An estimated 4 million bacterial foodborne illnesses occur in the United States annually. Many of these illnesses can be prevented by educating the public about food-safety practices. We investigated both the role of physicians as food-safety educators and the barriers to providing food-safety information.

Consumer attitudes and use of antibiotics.

Recent antibiotic use is a risk factor for infection or colonization with resistant bacterial pathogens. Demand for antibiotics can be affected by consumers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices. In 1998-1999, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet( conducted a population-based, random-digit dialing telephone survey, including questions regarding respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices of antibiotic use.

Genotype-specific carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in Georgia counties with hyper- and hyposporadic rates of meningococcal disease.

Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in a Georgia county with hypersporadic incidence of meningococcal disease ("hypersporadic county") and in a county with no cases of meningococcal disease was determined by a cross-sectional pharyngeal culture study of high school students. Among 2730 students from whom culture samples were obtained, meningococcal carriage was 7.7% (140/1818) in the hypersporadic county and 6.