Neonatal Markers of Prematurity as Predictors of Permanent Childhood Hearing Loss and Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Children Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Need for admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) confers an increased risk of hearing loss in the newborn and of later neurodevelopmental impairment. In this retrospective longitudinal case-controlled study, we assess how the degree of prematurity, measured via gestational age, birth weight, and z-scores, in 138 infants admitted to the NICU are associated with permanent childhood hearing loss (PCHI) and 2-year developmental outcomes. Logistic regression analyses, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, and Chi-squared tests were used.

Catalyst for Change: Evaluating the Effects of the Citizen Nurse Education.

Background: The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate the effects of curricular changes made to foster graduate students' understanding of how they can be catalysts of change. For more than a decade, the concept of the citizen nurse has been woven into coursework in nursing education, thus indicating an evaluation process was needed.

Method: Ten oral history interviews were completed with current students or alumni.

Development of an efficient, effective, and economical technology for proteome analysis.

We present an efficient, effective, and economical approach, named E3technology, for proteomics sample preparation. By immobilizing silica microparticles into the polytetrafluoroethylene matrix, we develop a robust membrane medium, which could serve as a reliable platform to generate proteomics-friendly samples in a rapid and low-cost fashion. We benchmark its performance using different formats and demonstrate them with a variety of sample types of varied complexity, quantity, and volume.

An immunohistochemical atlas of necroptotic pathway expression.

Necroptosis is a lytic form of regulated cell death reported to contribute to inflammatory diseases of the gut, skin and lung, as well as ischemic-reperfusion injuries of the kidney, heart and brain. However, precise identification of the cells and tissues that undergo necroptotic cell death in vivo has proven challenging in the absence of robust protocols for immunohistochemical detection. Here, we provide automated immunohistochemistry protocols to detect core necroptosis regulators - Caspase-8, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL - in formalin-fixed mouse and human tissues.

Microbial Indoles: Key Regulators of Organ Growth and Metabolic Function.

Gut microbes supporting body growth are known but the mechanisms are less well documented. Using the microbial tryptophan metabolite indole, known to regulate prokaryotic cell division and metabolic stress conditions, we mono-colonized germ-free (GF) mice with indole-producing wild-type () or tryptophanase-encoding tnaA knockout mutant indole-non-producing . Indole mutant mice showed multiorgan growth retardation and lower levels of glycogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose, resulting in an energy deficiency increased food intake.

The impact of stapled compared to handsewn repair on anastomotic outcomes in trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Approach to enteric anastomotic technique has been a subject of debate, with no clear consensus as to whether handsewn or stapled techniques are superior in trauma settings, which are influenced by unique perturbances to important processes such as immune function, coagulation, wound healing and response to infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the risk of anastomotic complications in trauma patients with gastrointestinal injury requiring restoration of continuity with handsewn versus staples approaches.

Methods: A comprehensive computer assisted search of electronic databases Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central was performed.

Whole blood transcriptomics reveals granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as a mediator of cardiopulmonary bypass-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Objectives: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a frequent complication of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). SIRS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, and as a result, biomarkers are lacking and treatment remains expectant and supportive. This study aimed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms driving SIRS induced by CPB and identify novel therapeutic targets that might reduce systemic inflammation and improve patient outcomes.

PAK1-dependent mechanotransduction enables myofibroblast nuclear adaptation and chromatin organization during fibrosis.

Myofibroblasts are responsible for scarring during fibrosis. The scar propagates mechanical signals inducing a radical transformation in myofibroblast cell state and increasing profibrotic phenotype. Here, we show mechanical stress from progressive scarring induces nuclear softening and de-repression of heterochromatin.

Coeliac artery avulsion secondary to high velocity blunt abdominal trauma: a case report.

Coeliac artery (CA) injuries are an extremely rare subset of blunt abdominal trauma with a reported incidence of only 0.01%. Patterns of CA injury include intimal tear, dissection, thrombosis and pseudoaneurysm, with the most rare being complete CA avulsion.

Dysregulation of neutrophil oxidant production and interleukin-1-related cytokines in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Objectives: Neutrophils play a key role in ANCA-associated vasculitis, both as targets of autoimmunity and as facilitators of vascular damage. In granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), the data regarding the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils are unclear. Further, recent data suggests that ROS production could have an anti-inflammatory effect through the regulation of inflammasomes and IL-1-related cytokines.

G-CSF reshapes the cytosolic PCNA scaffold and modulates glycolysis in neutrophils.

Cytosolic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is involved in neutrophil survival and function, in which it acts as a scaffold and associates with proteins involved in apoptosis, NADPH oxidase activation, cytoskeletal dynamics, and metabolism. While the PCNA interactome has been characterized in neutrophils under homeostatic conditions, less is known about neutrophil PCNA in pathophysiological contexts. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine produced in response to inflammatory stimuli that regulates many aspects of neutrophil biology.

The evolution of antimicrobial peptides in Chiroptera.

High viral tolerance coupled with an extraordinary regulation of the immune response makes bats a great model to study host-pathogen evolution. Although many immune-related gene gains and losses have been previously reported in bats, important gene families such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) remain understudied. We built an exhaustive bioinformatic pipeline targeting the major gene families of defensins and cathelicidins to explore AMP diversity and analyze their evolution and distribution across six bat families.

A common human MLKL polymorphism confers resistance to negative regulation by phosphorylation.

Across the globe, 2-3% of humans carry the p.Ser132Pro single nucleotide polymorphism in MLKL, the terminal effector protein of the inflammatory form of programmed cell death, necroptosis. Here we show that this substitution confers a gain in necroptotic function in human cells, with more rapid accumulation of activated MLKL in biological membranes and MLKL overriding pharmacological and endogenous inhibition of MLKL.

The small-molecule formyl peptide receptor biased agonist, compound 17b, is a vasodilator and anti-inflammatory in mouse precision-cut lung slices.

Background And Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a rare fatal disorder characterised by inflammation, vascular remodelling and vasoconstriction. Current vasodilator therapies reduce pulmonary arterial pressure but not mortality. The G-protein coupled formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) mediates vasodilatation and resolution of inflammation, actions possibly beneficial in PAH.

Development of an Efficient, Effective, and Economical Technology for Proteome Analysis.

Proteomics experiments have typically high economic and technical barriers to broad biomedical scientists, which not only result in costly supplies and accessories for sample preparation but also the reluctance to adapt new techniques. In the present study, we present an effective and efficient, yet economical technology, which we call E3technology, for proteomics sample preparation. By immobilizing silica microparticles into a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix, we developed a novel medium, which could be used as a robust and reliable proteomics platform to generate LCMS-friendly samples in a rapid and low-cost fashion.

Rare causes of abdominal pain: a primer for the admitting general surgeon.

The broad uptake of the acute surgical unit (ASU) model of surgical care in Australia has resulted in general surgeons becoming increasingly involved in the management of patients with acute abdominal pain (AAP), some of whom will be labelled as having non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP) (Kinnear N, Jolly S, Herath M, et al. The acute surgical unit: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. review.

Largest comparative analysis: Novel large spot size 595 nm, high-energy, pulsed dye laser reduces number of treatments for improvement of adult and pediatric port wine birthmarks.

Objective: Port wine birthmarks (PWBs) are vascular malformations affecting 0.3%-0.5% of newborns with the tendency to persist into adulthood without adequate treatment of the heterogenous ectatic vessels.

Forested watersheds provide the highest water quality among all land cover types, but the benefit of this ecosystem service depends on landscape context.

Conversion of natural land cover can degrade water quality in water supply watersheds and increase treatment costs for Public Water Systems (PWSs), but there are few studies that have fully evaluated land cover and water quality relationships in mixed use watersheds across broad hydroclimatic settings. We related upstream land cover (forest, other natural land covers, development, and agriculture) to observed and modeled water quality across the southeastern US and specifically at 1746 PWS drinking water intake facilities. While there was considerable complexity and variability in the relationship between land cover and water quality, results suggest that Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP) and Suspended Sediment (SS) concentrations decrease significantly with increasing forest cover, and increase with increasing developed or agricultural cover.

MLKL deficiency protects against low-grade, sterile inflammation in aged mice.

MLKL and RIPK3 are the core signaling proteins of the inflammatory cell death pathway, necroptosis, which is a known mediator and modifier of human disease. Necroptosis has been implicated in the progression of disease in almost every physiological system and recent reports suggest a role for necroptosis in aging. Here, we present the first comprehensive analysis of age-related histopathological and immunological phenotypes in a cohort of Mlkl and Ripk3 mice on a congenic C57BL/6 J genetic background.

Multiple congenital anomalies and adverse developmental outcomes are associated with neonatal intensive care admission and unilateral hearing loss.

Aim: To determine congenital and developmental outcomes of children with Unilateral Hearing Loss (UHL) who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

Method: Retrospective, single-site study that followed 25 children with permanent congenital UHL a NICU admission to a NICU of Nottingham University Hospital. Birth and two-year developmental follow-up data were collected.

CD98 defines a metabolically flexible, proinflammatory subset of low-density neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Low-density neutrophils (LDN) are a distinct subset of neutrophils rarely detected in healthy people but appear in the blood of patients with autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and are mobilised in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The aim of this study was to identify novel mechanisms responsible for the pathogenic capacity of LDN in SLE.

Methods: Neutrophils were isolated from donors treated with G-CSF, and whole-cell proteomic analysis was performed on LDN and normal-density neutrophils.

Riparian buffers increase future baseflow and reduce peakflows in a developing watershed.

Land conversion and climate change are stressing freshwater resources. Riparian areas, streamside vegetation/forest land, are critical for regulating hydrologic processes and riparian buffers are used as adaptive management strategies for mitigating land conversion effects. However, our ability to anticipate the efficacy of current and alternative riparian buffers under changing conditions remains limited.

Distribution, Diversity, and Soil Associations of Wine Grape Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Georgia, U.S.A., Vineyards.

Wine grape ( and hybrids) production in Georgia occurs in three distinct regions (North, West, and South) which can be characterized by sandy, sandy-loam, or sandy clay-loam soils. We studied plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) communities in 15 wine grape vineyards from the three primary growing regions to understand which nematodes are a concern and what soil characteristics are associated with their occurrence and relative abundance. Twelve genera of PPNs were detected throughout the state: , , , , , , , , , , , and .

Genetic variation among sea turtle life stages and species suggests connectivity among ocean basins.

Regional genetic differentiation of mitochondrial lineages occurs in migratory species with natal philopatry such as sea turtles. However, early juvenile dispersal represents a key opportunity for gene flow and colonization of new regions through founder events, making it an important yet under-studied life stage. To assess connectivity among sea turtle life stages and ocean basins, we sequenced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments from 35 juveniles sampled in the Gulf of Mexico from the rarely observed dispersal stage across three species: green turtles (;  = 30), hawksbills (;  = 3), and loggerheads (;  = 2).

Screening of medicinal plants for possible herb-drug interactions through modulating nuclear receptors, drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The last three decades have witnessed a surge in popularity and consumption of herbal products. An unintended consequence of such popularity is that chronic consumption of these products can often modulate the functions of various proteins involved in drug disposition and may, in turn, impose risks for herb-drug interactions (HDIs), leading to serious adverse health outcomes. Identifying plants that may give rise to clinically relevant HDIs is essential, and proactive dissemination of such research outcomes is necessary for researchers, clinicians, and average consumers.