Anesthesia considerations for pediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Childhood obesity is a rapidly growing global health issue, linked to significant lifelong morbidity and mortality. Its impact on various organ systems increases perioperative complications. Obesity treatment in children and adolescents involves lifestyle, dietary, and behavioral modifications, as well as pharmacologic interventions that targets hormonal, metabolic, and neurochemical abnormalities.

Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Unanticipated Admission Following Nonotolaryngologic Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery.

Background: Approximately 2% of ambulatory pediatric surgeries require unanticipated postoperative admission, causing parental dissatisfaction and suboptimal use of hospital resources. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs in nearly 8% of children and is known to increase the risk of perioperative adverse events in children undergoing otolaryngologic procedures (eg, tonsillectomy). However, whether OSA is also a risk for unanticipated admission after nonotolaryngologic surgery is unknown.

Quadratus Lumborum Blockade for Postoperative Analgesia in Infants and Children Following Colorectal Surgery.

Background: Adult studies have indicated that the quadratus lumborum block (QLB) may provide superior analgesia compared to single-shot neuraxial and other truncal peripheral nerve blocks. The technique is being increasingly used for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing lower abdominal surgery. To date, these pediatric reports have been limited by small sample sizes, which may hinder the interpretation of results and assessment of safety.

The double-stranded RNA analogue polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid induces keratinocyte pyroptosis and release of IL-36γ.

IL-36 is the common name for the three IL-1 family members IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ, formerly known as IL-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9, respectively. IL-36 appears to have pro-inflammatory activities; however, the physiological function of these cytokines remains unknown. Expression of IL-36 by keratinocytes implies its possible involvement in innate immune responses in the skin.