Synergistic Dual Targeting of Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems Irrespective of p53 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable primary brain cancer characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The redox-sensitive tumor suppressor gene , wild-type (wt) for 70% of patients, regulates redox homeostasis. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) increase thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) antioxidant systems as survival redox-adaptive mechanisms to maintain ROS below the cytotoxic threshold.

Clinical effectiveness of non-TMS neurostimulation in depression: Clinical trials from 2010 to 2020.

Objective: Treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) have evolved, although there is still a strong unmet need for more effective and tolerable options. The present study summarizes and discusses recent evidence regarding the non-transcranial magnetic stimulation (non-TMS) neurostimulation treatment for MDD.

Methods: The authors reviewed non-TMS neurostimulation clinical trials for MDD between 2010 and 2020.