Expectations, experiences, and desires: Mothers' perceptions of the division of caregiving and their postnatal adaptation.

First-time and experienced mothers' prenatal expectations, postnatal experiences, and postnatal desires regarding the division of infant caregiving responsibilities with her partner were examined to explore whether postnatal desires may be a better indicator of mothers' postnatal adaptation (self-efficacy, satisfaction, stress, depressive symptoms, and state anxiety) than prenatal expectations and postnatal experiences. Mothers (N = 132) completed a prenatal questionnaire during their third trimester and a postnatal questionnaire at 8 weeks postpartum. Women's parental status (first-time vs.

Night Waking in 6-Month-Old Infants and Maternal Depressive Symptoms.

Relations between night waking in infants and depressive symptoms in their mothers at 6 months postpartum were examined using the data from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care. Although more depressive symptoms were only weakly correlated with a higher frequency of infant waking, longer wake times, and more total time awake, the rate of clinically significant depression scores was about double in mothers of chronically waking infants in comparison with mothers whose infants did not awaken during the night. The value of comparing subgroups to elucidate relations identified through correlations is discussed.

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with night waking in 9-month-old infants.

This study examined relations between infant night waking and both daytime behaviors reflective of poor behavioral and emotional regulation (intrinsic factors) and parent behaviors that may contribute to infant night waking (extrinsic factors) in 41 infants. Mothers completed questionnaires and an infant sleep and crying diary. More time awake at night was related to separation distress, frequent daytime crying, dysregulation, co-sleeping with parents, breast feeding, and being put to bed asleep.

Prematurity stereotyping and mothers' interactions with their premature and full-term infants during the first year.

Objective: To longitudinally assess stability and correlates of prematurity stereotyping and perceptions of infant vulnerability in mothers of premature (N = 56) and full-term (N = 59) infants.

Method: At 5, 9, and 12 months, mothers rated videotapes of unfamiliar infants with a full-term label (FTL) or a preterm label (PL), interacted with their own infant, and completed other questionnaires. A subgroup of infants were administered a developmental assessment at 32 months.

Delay discounting and probability discounting as related to cigarette smoking status in adults.

This study examined relations between adult smokers and non-smokers and the devaluation of monetary rewards as a function of delay (delay discounting, DD) or probability (probability discounting, PD). The extent to which individuals discount value, either as a function of a reward being delayed or probabilistic, has been taken to reflect individual differences in impulsivity. Those who discount most are considered most impulsive.

Delay and probability discounting as related to different stages of adolescent smoking and non-smoking.

This study examined relations between different patterns of adolescent cigarette smoking and discounting of monetary rewards due to delay (delay discounting) and probabilistic uncertainty (probability discounting). The study also examined the relation between smoking and the number of peer friends who smoke and level of parent education. Participants were 55 adolescents (28 females) between 14 and 16 years of age who were categorized according to the following patterns of smoking behavior: "never smokers" (n=19; 10 females) who had not tried even one cigarette; "triers" (n=17; 9 females) who had recently tried cigarettes for the first time; and "current smokers" (n=19; 9 females) who smoked a minimum of one cigarette every week for at least 6 months prior to data collection.

Correlates of nap taking in mothers of young infants.

Many researchers and clinicians have promoted nap taking to combat the deleterious effects of disrupted sleep. Unfortunately, only a small portion of sleep-deprived individuals take naps. The goal of the present study was to identify cognitive and opportunity factors related to nap taking of mothers of young infants.