Peri-operative mental health interventions for surgical oncology patients: a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Oncologic surgeries are common and rates of depression and anxiety are high in the peri-operative period, potentially interfering with successful recovery.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review and meta-analysis focusing on randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of peri-operative mental health interventions on anxiety and/or depression in adult patients having oncological surgery. The review included studies published in the last 5 years, identified through EMBASE with no pre-specified criteria for the type of comparison or outcome.

Preoperative predictors of acute postoperative anxiety and depression using ecological momentary assessments: a secondary analysis of a single-centre prospective observational study.

Background: Postoperative anxiety and depression can negatively affect surgical outcomes and patient wellbeing. This study aimed to quantify the incidence of postoperative worsening anxiety and depression symptoms and to identify preoperative predictors of these conditions.

Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study included 1168 patients undergoing surgery lasting >1 h with overnight admission at a university-affiliated quaternary referral centre.

A Culturally Adapted Perioperative Mental Health Intervention for Older Black Surgical Patients.

Objectives: Perioperative mental health of older Black surgical patients is associated with poor surgical outcomes; however, evidence-based perioperative interventions are lacking. Our two study objectives included: first, examine factors affecting perioperative care experiences of older Black surgical patients with mental health problems, and second, ascertain design and implementation requirements for a culturally-adapted perioperative mental health intervention.

Design Setting And Participants: We conducted six focus groups with older Black patients (n = 15; ≥50 years; surgery within the past 5 years and/or interest in mental health research; history of distress, anxiety, or depression coping with surgery/hospitalization/) from a large academic medical center.

Identifying the blue patient: preoperative screening for depression.

Preoperative depression is an underappreciated comorbidity that has important implications for postoperative outcomes. Screening for symptoms of depression before surgery can identify patients with or without a previous diagnosis of depression who could benefit from perioperative interventions to improve mood. Preoperative screening programmes are feasible to implement, although care must be taken to ensure that patients who are most likely to benefit are included.

Perioperative mental health intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms in older adults study protocol: design and methods for three linked randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: Preoperative anxiety and depression symptoms among older surgical patients are associated with poor postoperative outcomes, yet evidence-based interventions for anxiety and depression have not been applied within this setting. We present a protocol for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in three surgical cohorts: cardiac, oncological and orthopaedic, investigating whether a perioperative mental health intervention, with psychological and pharmacological components, reduces perioperative symptoms of depression and anxiety in older surgical patients.

Methods And Analysis: Adults ≥60 years undergoing cardiac, orthopaedic or oncological surgery will be enrolled in one of three-linked type 1 hybrid effectiveness/implementation RCTs that will be conducted in tandem with similar methods.

Brain-Hazardous Medications and Potential Subadequate Antidepressant Dosing in Older Surgical Patients Receiving Home Antidepressants: An Observational Study of a Large US Health System.

Background: Older surgical patients with depression often experience poor postoperative outcomes. Poor outcomes may stem from brain-hazardous medications and subadequate antidepressant dosing.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study covering the period between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2021.

Cognitive flexibility training for chronic pain: a randomized clinical study.

Introduction: Previous studies suggest an association between cognitive flexibility and development of chronic pain after surgery. It is not known whether cognitive flexibility can be improved in patients with chronic pain.

Objectives: This study tested whether a neurocognitive training program results in improved cognitive flexibility and pain in patients with chronic pain.

A Perioperative Mental Health Intervention for Depressed and Anxious Older Surgical Patients: Results From a Feasibility Study.

Objectives: The perioperative period is challenging and stressful for older adults. Those with depression and/or anxiety have an increased risk of adverse surgical outcomes. We assessed the feasibility of a perioperative mental health intervention composed of medication optimization and a wellness program following principles of behavioral activation and care coordination for older surgical patients.

Latent profiles of biological dysregulation and risk of mortality: time-to-event analysis using the Midlife in the US longitudinal study.

Background: There is a well-established relationship between high allostatic load (AL) and increased risk of mortality. This study expands on the literature by combined latent profile analysis (LPA) with survival data analysis techniques to assess the degree to which AL status is associated with time to death.

Methods: LPA was employed to identify underlying classes of biological dysregulation among a sample of 815 participants from the Midlife in the US study.

ICD-10-CM codes infrequently used to document human trafficking in 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample.

Introduction: People who experience human trafficking (HT) visit emergency departments (ED). The International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) introduced codes to document HT in June 2018. The aim of this study is to identify characteristics of ED patients who experienced forced labor or sexual exploitation as a documented external cause of morbidity in US visits.

Perspectives on Participation in Clinical Trials Among Individuals With Pain, Depression, and/or Anxiety: An ACTTION Scoping Review.

For individuals experiencing pain, the decision to engage in clinical trials may be influenced by a number of factors including current and past care, illness severity, physical functioning, financial stress, and caregiver support. Co-occurring depression and anxiety may add to these challenges. The aim of this scoping review was to describe perspectives about clinical trial participation, including recruitment and retention among individuals with pain and pain comorbidities, including depression and/or anxiety.

Perioperative mental health intervention bundle for older surgical patients: protocol for an intervention development and feasibility study.

Introduction: The perioperative period is high risk for older adults. Depression and anxiety are common perioperative problems, frequently coexisting with cognitive impairment. Older patients with these conditions are more likely than younger patients to experience postoperative delirium, long hospital stays, poor quality of life and rehospitalisation.

Gender Differences in Prescription Medications Among Transitioning Justice-Involved Individuals.

Little is known-especially with regard to gender differences-about the prescription trends among justice-involved individuals with health conditions after release from correctional facilities. This article presents initial findings from a large outreach program designed to provide prescription support during the turbulent prison-to-community transition period. We analyzed data derived from a prescription outreach program during the years 2018-2019.

Effects of Persistent Exposure to COVID-19 on Mental Health Outcomes Among Trainees: a Longitudinal Survey Study.

Background: The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created considerable strain on the physical and mental health of healthcare workers around the world. The effects have been acute for physician trainees-a unique group functioning simultaneously as learners and care providers with limited autonomy.

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal effects of physician trainee exposure to patients being tested for COVID-19 on stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout using three surveys conducted during the early phase of the pandemic.

Ascertaining Design and Implementation Requirements for a Perioperative Neurocognitive Training Intervention for the Prevention of Persistent Pain After Surgery.

Background: Persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) is a common complication that impacts quality of life, often necessitating long-term opioid treatment. Certain neurocognitive factors, including reduced performance on cognitive flexibility tasks, are associated with increased risk of PPSP. We examine the perceptions of surgical patients and clinicians with regard to perioperative pain management activities and needs; patient acceptance and use of a perioperative neurocognitive training intervention; and implementation feasibility.

Impact of Changes in EHR Use during COVID-19 on Physician Trainee Mental Health.

Objectives: This article investigates the association between changes in electronic health record (EHR) use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the rate of burnout, stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among physician trainees (residents and fellows).

Methods: A total of 222 (of 1,375, 16.2%) physician trainees from an academic medical center responded to a Web-based survey.

Age bias in the criteria for antisocial personality disorder.

The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) decreases with age. As such, research regarding ASPD typically focuses on children and younger adults. The apparent age-specific prevalence of ASPD may be due, in part, to diagnostic criteria informed by research excluding older adults.