Normative Palatal Measurements in Infants: Implications for Nasoalveolar Molding in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients.

Background: Children with cleft lip ± palate (CL/P) may undergo nasoalveolar molding (NAM) before surgery to achieve arch alignment and tension-free closure, yet the endpoint of arch dimensions has not been defined.

Objective: To characterize the size and shape of infant palates using anatomic landmarks on magnetic resonance imaging in infants without CL/P.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging of infants without cleft palate younger than 3 months were reviewed and 13 measurements were taken to define palatal shape: distance between incisive foramen (IF) and incisors (IN), IF and middle of canines (MOC), between MOCs, between first molars (FM), 2 depth and 4 angle measurements.

Outcomes of Endoscopic Versus Open Skull Base Surgery in Pediatric Patients.

Objective/hypothesis: To characterize the pathology and outcomes of skull base surgery in the pediatric population by open versus endoscopic surgical approach.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: A retrospective review of pediatric patients (<18 years) who underwent skull base surgery for nonmalignant disease from May 2000 to August 2019 was performed.