Spinal cord injury-specific prognostic risk assessment tool for development of type 2 diabetes.

Context: Available diabetes risk calculators were developed for able-bodied individuals, but their metabolic profile is different from individuals with spinal cord injury.

Objectives: We aimed to develop a diabetes risk assessment tool specific to individuals with spinal cord injury.

Methods: We used national Veterans Affairs data to identify patients with at least a 2-year history of spinal cord injury and no prior history of diabetes with a Veterans Heath Affairs visit from 2005-2007, and followed the 11,054 individuals that met inclusion criteria for up to 17 years to assess diabetes development.

Correlation of Performance on the ENTRUST Assessment Platform With Other Variables in Competency-Based Surgical Education.

Objective: With the implementation of American Board of Surgery (ABS) Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs), there is continued need for objective, evidence-based assessment tools to augment existing microassessments and inform readiness for entrustment. The ENTRUST Assessment Platform is an online virtual-patient simulation platform to assess trainees' surgical decision-making competence across preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of care. This study collects additional validity evidence for the ENTRUST platform in its relationship to other established variables in competency-based surgical education.

Racial and ethnic disparities in access to total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer.

Background: Total neoadjuvant therapy has revolutionized the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer and quickly become the new standard of care. Whether patients from all racial and ethnic groups have had equal access to these potential benefits, however, remains unknown.

Methods: We identified all adults diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer in California who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation from 2010 to 2020 using the California Cancer Registry.

Disparities in Access, Quality, and Clinical Outcome for Latino Californians with Colon Cancer.

Objective: To compare access, quality, and clinical outcomes between Latino and non-Latino White Californians with colon cancer.

Summary Background Data: Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer care remain understudied, particularly among patients who identify as Latino. Exploring potential mechanisms, including differential utilization of high-volume hospitals, is an essential first step to designing evidence-based policy solutions.

Nutrition and eating beliefs and behaviors among individuals with spinal cord injuries and disorders: Healthy or misconceived?

Purpose/objective: Nutrition knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors have important implications for managing and preventing chronic and injury-related secondary conditions in persons with spinal cord injuries and disorders (SCI/D). Yet, the unique dietary and nutritional needs and recommendations specific to individuals with SCI/D and their eating beliefs and behaviors have been understudied. Aim is to describe nutrition and eating beliefs and behaviors from the perspectives of individuals with SCI/D.

Interaction between increasing body mass index and spinal cord injury to the probability of developing a diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: The prevalence of obesity and comorbidities is high in the population with spinal cord injury (SCI). We sought to determine the effect of SCI on the functional form of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and assess whether SCI-specific mapping of BMI to risk of developing NAFLD is needed.

Methods: Longitudinal cohort study comparing Veterans Health Administration patients with a diagnosis of SCI to a 1:2 matched control group without SCI.

Why may patients with spinal cord injury be overlooked for obesity screening in the Veterans Health Administration? Qualitative research of the perspectives of patients and healthcare providers.

Purpose: We sought to describe factors influencing reduced rates of obesity screening for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States Veterans Health Administration (VA) and to foster potential solutions.

Materials And Methods: Semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers and patients with SCI who were recruited nationally from diverse VAs. We performed rapid qualitative analysis using content analysis of interview data.

Physical and emotional consequences of excess weight as experienced by individuals with spinal cord injuries.

Context/objective: Excess weight has the potential to carry a substantial physical and emotional burden. A better understanding of perceived consequences of excess weight may facilitate the development of patient-centered programs and interventions to promote weight management efforts in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). The study objective was to describe consequences of excess weight from the personal perspectives of individuals with SCI.

Despite Increasing Costs, Perfusion Machines Expand the Donor Pool of Livers and Could Save Lives.

Introduction: Liver transplantation is a highly successful treatment for liver failure and disease. However, demand continues to outstrip our ability to provide transplantation as a treatment. Many livers initially considered for transplantation are not used because of concerns about their viability or logistical issues.

Preventive Health Screening in Veterans Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

Introduction: Individuals with obesity are vulnerable to low rates of preventive health screening. Veterans with obesity seeking bariatric surgery are also hypothesized to have gaps in preventive health screening. Evaluation in a multidisciplinary bariatric surgery clinic is a point of interaction with the healthcare system that could facilitate improvements in screening.

Assessment of Second Primary Cancer Risk Among Men Receiving Primary Radiotherapy vs Surgery for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Shared decision-making is an important part of the treatment selection process among patients with prostate cancer. Updated information is needed regarding the long-term incidence and risk of second primary cancer after radiotherapy vs nonradiotherapy treatments, which may help to inform discussions of risks and benefits for men diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Objective: To assess the current incidence and risk of developing a second primary cancer after receipt of radiotherapy vs nonradiotherapy treatments for prostate cancer.

Kidney Stone Events Following Parathyroidectomy vs Nonoperative Management for Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Context: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones. Few studies account for PHPT severity or stone risk when comparing stone events after parathyroidectomy vs nonoperative management.

Objective: Compare the incidence of kidney stone events in PHPT patients treated with parathyroidectomy vs nonoperative management.

Association of Parathyroidectomy With 5-Year Clinically Significant Kidney Stone Events in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Objective: Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are at increased risk of kidney stones. Guidelines recommend parathyroidectomy in patients with PHPT with a history of stone disease. This study aimed to compare the 5-year incidence of clinically significant kidney stone events in patients with PHPT treated with parathyroidectomy versus nonoperative management.

Situating Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: A Focus on Disease Severity.

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) has numerous applications in surgical quality assurance. We assessed AI accuracy in evaluating the critical view of safety (CVS) and intraoperative events during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We hypothesized that AI accuracy and intraoperative events are associated with disease severity.

Rectal Prolapse: Age-Related Differences in Clinical Presentation and What Bothers Women Most.

Background: Rectal prolapse has a diverse symptom profile that affects patients of all ages.

Objective: We sought to identify bothersome symptoms and clinical presentation that motivated patients who have rectal prolapse to seek care, characterize differences in symptom severity with age, and determine factors associated with bothersome symptoms.

Design: This study is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained registry.

Characteristics of mental health trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.

The ClinicalTrials.gov registry was established in 2000 to address concerns about publication bias and public access to information about clinical trials. We aimed to evaluate differences between for-profit and non-profit sponsors of efficacy mental health trials registered in ClinicalTrials.

Are parental self-efficacy and family flexibility mediators of treatment for anorexia nervosa?

Objective: Family-based treatment (FBT) for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN) promotes faster weight restoration when compared to other treatments. However, the mechanisms through which this occurs are not clarified. This study explored the trajectories of parental self-efficacy and perceived family flexibility during FBT and systemic family therapy (SyFT).

A qualitative analysis of male eating disorder symptoms.

Insights into how males experience eating disorder symptoms early in the course of illness are important to improve detection efforts and may also provide valuable information for treatment. In this qualitative study, 10 adolescent males and 10 matched female patients completed standardized questionnaires and were interviewed. Results indicated that although there were many similarities between the genders, females were more likely to describe the involvement of family systems and males were more likely to describe involvement in sports as being catalysts for their disorders.

The interactions of mothers with eating disorders with their toddlers: identifying broader risk factors.

The connection between maternal eating disorders and feeding and eating problems among their children has been substantially demonstrated. This pilot study focused on the interactions between mothers with eating disorders and their toddlers in non-feeding situations. Twenty-eight dyads of mothers with prenatal eating disorders and their toddlers were compared to a case-matched control group with no eating disorder.

An exploratory examination of patient and parental self-efficacy as predictors of weight gain in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: To determine whether increases in adolescent or parental self-efficacy predicted subsequent weight gain in two different therapies for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method: Participants were 121 adolescents with AN (M = 14.4 years, SD = 1.

Development and evaluation of a treatment fidelity instrument for family-based treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa.

Objective: This study provides data on the psychometric properties of a newly developed measure of treatment fidelity in Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN). The Family Therapy Fidelity and Adherence Check (FBT-FACT) was created to evaluate therapist adherence and competency on the core interventions in FBT.

Method: Participants were 45 adolescents and their families sampled from three randomized clinical trials evaluating treatment for AN.

Suprathreshold duloxetine for treatment-resistant depression, anorexia nervosa binge-purging type, and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report.

Duloxetine, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) indicated for the treatment of depression, is used for off-label purposes such as treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. Although establishing a dose-response relationship for antidepressants in the treatment of depression is difficult, it is possible that for certain patterns of comorbidity, suprathreshold doses may be important to achieve remission. There is currently a paucity of literature regarding the use of suprathreshold doses of duloxetine in treatment refractory cases.