Association between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and offspring epigenetic aging at 3-5 weeks.

Epigenetic clocks are emerging as tools for assessing acceleration and deceleration of biological age during childhood. Maternal depression during pregnancy may affect the biological aging of offspring and related development. In a low-income cohort of mother-child dyads, we investigated the relationship between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant epigenetic age residuals, which represent the deviation (acceleration or deceleration) that exists between predicted biological age and chronological age.

Current Recommended Estrogen Dosing for Pubertal Induction in Turner Syndrome Results in Normal Uterine Growth.

Context: Most individuals with Turner syndrome (TS) require estrogen for pubertal induction. Current estrogen dosing guidelines are based on expert consensus opinion.

Objective: Evaluate whether current international guidelines for estrogen dosing during pubertal induction of individuals with TS result in normal uterine growth.

Neonatal Methylation and In-Utero Exposure to Maternal Smoking.

(1) Introduction: Epigenetic changes have been proposed as a biologic link between in-utero exposure to maternal smoking and health outcomes. Therefore, we examined if in-utero exposure to maternal smoking was associated with infant DNA methylation (DNAm) of cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotides (CpG sites) in the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A gene. The gene encodes a receptor that interacts with the arginine vasopressin hormone and may influence physiological stress regulation, blood pressure, and child development.

Epigenome-wide association of neonatal methylation and trimester-specific prenatal PM exposure.

Unlabelled: Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM) can affect birth outcomes through physiological pathways such as inflammation. One potential way PM affects physiology could be through altering DNA methylation (DNAm).

Resilience in relation to older adults with multimorbidity: A scoping review.

The purpose of this scoping review is to identify conceptual and theoretical resilience models, types of resilience measures, and outcomes regarding resilience in relation to older adults with multimorbidity. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched, and we identified 14 studies to July 2021. Most models operationalize resilience as dependent on the social and environmental context of older adults.

Association Between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neonatal SCG5 DNA Methylation-Effect Modification by Prenatal Home Visiting.

Maternal childhood adversity and trauma may elicit biological changes that impact the next generation through epigenetic responses measured in DNA methylation (DNAm). These epigenetic associations could be modified by the early postnatal environment through protective factors, such as early childhood home visiting (HV) programs that aim to mitigate deleterious intergenerational effects of adversity. In a cohort of 53 mother-child pairs recruited in 2015-2016 for the Pregnancy and Infant Development Study (Cincinnati, Ohio), we examined the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and neonatal DNAm in the secretogranin V gene (SCG5), which is important in neuroendocrine function.

Pregnancy and Infant Development (PRIDE)-a preliminary observational study of maternal adversity and infant development.

Background: Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families have a markedly elevated risk for impaired cognitive and social-emotional development. Children in poverty experience have a high risk for developmental delays. Poverty engenders disproportionate exposure to psychological adversity which may contribute to impaired offspring development; however the effect may be mitigated by social support and other aspects of resilience.

Caregivers of individuals with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: Perspectives, experiences, and relationships with medical professionals.

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare genetic disorder. Family-centered care (FCC) is a healthcare delivery approach that aims to create an equal partnership between caregivers and providers. FCC has been shown to improve parental wellbeing, their knowledge of the condition and care, and improve their feelings of self-efficacy and personal control.

Effectiveness of Interdisciplinary Leadership Training for Early Career Professionals in the Field of Developmental Disabilities.

Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to describe the curriculum and self-reported outcomes on measures of interdisciplinary leadership skills for work within the field of developmental disabilities from trainees in one interprofessional training program.

Methods: The paper highlights one program's curriculum and strategy for capturing self-report survey measures from trainees in cohorts from 2014-2018 (n = 86) on two surveys (Interdisciplinary Attitudes and Skills and Leadership Self-Evaluation Form) and three time points across the training year: before training (T1), mid-year (T2), and after training (T3).

Results: Data from 86 trainees are reported including demographics (nearly 80% white, 92% female), non-descriptive statistics due to non-normative samples, and tertiles demonstrating changes between time points.

Functional data analysis and prediction tools for continuous glucose-monitoring studies.

Introduction: To identify phenotypes of type 1 diabetes based on glucose curves from continuous glucose-monitoring (CGM) using functional data (FD) analysis to account for longitudinal glucose patterns. We present a reliable prediction model that can accurately predict glycemic levels based on past data collected from the CGM sensor and real-time risk of hypo-/hyperglycemic for individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study of 443 type 1 diabetes patients with CGM data from a completed trial.

Substance Use and Utilization of Prenatal and Postpartum Care.

Objectives: Prenatal and postpartum care for women with substance use is important due to increased risk of poor health outcomes. The influence of substance use on perinatal care utilization is not well characterized, especially postpartum care. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of substance use during pregnancy on prenatal and postpartum care utilization in a nationally representative sample and to identify maternal characteristics associated with inadequate prenatal and postpartum care among women with substance use.

Associations Between Maternal Community Deprivation and Infant DNA Methylation of the SLC6A4 Gene.

Poverty is negatively associated with health and developmental outcomes. DNA methylation (DNAm) has been proposed as a mechanism that underlies the association between adversity experienced by mothers in poverty and health and developmental outcomes in their offspring. Previous studies have identified associations between individual-level measures of stress and adversity experienced by a mother during pregnancy and infant DNAm.

A Nomogram for Predicting 30-day Mortality in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fractures.

Introduction: Femoral neck fractures in the elderly are increasingly common as a result of a growing geriatric population with 1-year mortality rates approaching 35%. While preoperative medical optimization and early time to surgery have reduced morbidity and mortality, patients with numerous medical comorbidities remain high risk for death in the perioperative period. Identifying those with greatest risk with a scoring system or nomogram may assist multidisciplinary teams in reducing mortality following hemiarthroplasty.

Combinations of adverse childhood events and risk of postpartum depression among mothers enrolled in a home visiting program.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how combinations of adverse childhood events (ACEs) contribute to the risk of postpartum depression and the mediating role of prenatal social support.

Methods: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale Questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Questionnaire were used to measure the study's exposure and outcome. Among a cohort of 419 mothers enrolled in a home visiting (HV) program, latent class analyses were used to identify classes of ACEs exposure.

Long-Term Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Outcomes After Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Report.

Background: Survivors of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are vulnerable to medical late effects of treatment; however, less is known about their psychosocial outcomes. This study evaluated neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes in long-term AML survivors treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or intensive chemotherapy (IC) without BMT.

Methods: AML survivors (N = 482; median age at diagnosis = 8 [range = 0-20] years; median age at evaluation = 30 [range = 18-49] years) treated with BMT (n = 183) or IC (n = 299) and sibling controls (N = 3190; median age at evaluation = 32 [range = 18-58] years) from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were compared on emotional distress (Brief Symptom Inventory-18), neurocognitive problems (Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Neurocognitive Questionnaire), health-related quality of life (SF-36), and social attainment.

Disparities Affect Developmental Risk for Head Start Preschoolers.

Purpose: This paper presents an analysis of Head Start (HStart) preschooler data by severity of developmental concern, while considering socio-demographic and other factors that highlight racial and ethnic disparities in the early identification of developmental delay or disability (DD).

Design And Methods: We conducted an analysis of 2014-2015 academic year data for preschool-aged children in HStart in both urban and suburban centers in a large Midwestern city. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of developmental concerns and compare characteristics of children with mild-to-moderate versus severe developmental concerns; differences between groups were compared using t-tests and chi-square tests.

Opioid Requirement following Arthroscopic Knee Surgery: Are There Predictive Factors Associated with Long-Term Use.

The purpose of this study is to identify patterns of postoperative narcotic use and determine the impact of psychosocial and perioperative factors on postoperative opioid consumption following arthroscopic knee surgery. Fifty consecutive patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery were prospectively enrolled. Patients were contacted via telephone at 1 week postoperatively to report their pain level and opioid consumption.

RNA Interference-Mediated Inhibition of ESCRT in Mammalian Cells.

Specific depletion of proteins from cultured cells using RNA interference (RNAi) has been a useful technique in assessing protein function for many years. RNAi allows the degradation of specific, targeted mRNA, allowing the effects of protein depletion on cellular processes to be examined. Here, I present a protocol for the depletion of proteins from cultured HeLa cells and list specific reagents and considerations for targeting the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT).

Birth Planning in Uncertain or Life-Limiting Fetal Diagnoses: Perspectives of Physicians and Parents.

Providers often use birth plans to document parents' wishes for their fetus with a life-limiting condition. The objective of the study was to (1) discover important components of a birth plan for parents and providers who carry them out, and (2) understand the experience of parents and providers with birth plans. The study design involves mixed-methods, descriptive, exploratory survey.

Diabetes & Women's Health (DWH) Study: an observational study of long-term health consequences of gestational diabetes, their determinants and underlying mechanisms in the USA and Denmark.

Purpose: Women who experience gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at exceptionally high-risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) later in life. However, limited information is available about genetic and environmental factors that are implicated in the progression from GDM to T2DM.

Participants: The Diabetes & Women's Health (DWH) Study applied a hybrid design, which combined new prospective data collection with existing data in two prospective cohorts, the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) and the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II).

Early Infant Attention as a Predictor of Social and Communicative Behavior in Childhood.

Background: The objective was to determine whether infant neurobehavior measured at five post-gestational weeks could predict social and communicative behavior (SCB) through five and eight years.

Methods: Infant neurobehavior was assessed using the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale, and SCB was measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Adjusted linear regression with generalized estimating equations were employed to estimate the association between infant neurobehavior and SCB.

Value of DSC in Characterization and Optimization of Protein Stability.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a well-established technique for biomolecular stability studies. The technique is based on forced thermal denaturation of biomolecules in solution. Here we describe the use of DSC for characterization and optimization of stability of two proteins, a protein kinase and a mAb protein.

Neonatal Methylation and Social-Emotional Development at 6 and 18 Months of Age.

The variation in childhood social-emotional development within at-risk populations may be attributed in part to epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) that respond to environmental stressors. These mechanisms may partially underlie the degree of vulnerability (and resilience) to negative social-emotional development within adverse psychosocial environments. Extensive research supports an association between maternal adversity and offspring DNAm of the gene, which encodes the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).