Adverse Childhood Experiences and Risk for First-Episode Major Depression During the Menopause Transition.

Objective: Stress exposures may have a differential impact on risk and resilience for depression depending on their timing across development. We sought to determine whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their onset with respect to puberty contribute to the increased risk observed in first-episode major depressive disorder (MDD) during the menopause transition.

Methods: Participants were from the Penn Ovarian Aging Study cohort, which is composed of women from Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, who underwent behavioral, cognitive, and endocrine evaluations approximately yearly from 1996 to 2012 and completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire at study end point (n = 243).

Early intravenous cannulation in children during sevoflurane induction.

Background: It has been shown that early placement of an intravenous line in children anesthetized with halothane is equally safe compared with later placement. Whether this is true of sevoflurane is not known.

Methods: Pediatric patients, age 1-18 years, undergoing elective general anesthesia via an inhalation induction were randomized to intravenous placement either 30 or 120 s following loss of lid reflex.

Analgesic effect of clonidine added to bupivacaine 0.125% in paediatric caudal blockade.

Background: Caudals are a common method of providing pain relief in children undergoing surgery. Clonidine, an alpha(2) agonist, exhibits significant analgesic properties. The current investigation sought to determine whether caudal clonidine added to caudal bupivacaine would decrease pain in paediatric patients undergoing surgery.