Is It Possible to Monitor the Safest Time to Perform Secondary Surgery on Free Flaps? A Clinical Evaluation of the Tewameter.

: Postoperative monitoring, following free flap surgery, plays a crucial role in ensuring the survival of the flap. However, in microsurgery, not only the immediate postoperative monitoring period but also the choice of the right time for secondary surgeries is crucial for the free flap survival. There is no clear consensus concerning the right choice of timing for secondary surgery.

In Vitro Methods for Evaluating Drug Release of Vaginal Ring Formulations-A Critical Review.

The vagina is a promising site for both local and systemic drug delivery and represents an interesting administration route for compounds with poor oral bioavailability. Whereas most of the currently marketed dosage forms were designed as immediate release formulations, intravaginal rings (IVRs) offer the possibility of a controlled vaginal drug delivery over several weeks or months. For a long time, the development of IVRs was limited to steroid-releasing formulations.

Maize Inoculation with Microbial Consortia: Contrasting Effects on Rhizosphere Activities, Nutrient Acquisition and Early Growth in Different Soils.

The benefit of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) as plant inoculants is influenced by a wide range of environmental factors. Therefore, microbial consortia products (MCPs) based on multiple PGPM strains with complementary functions, have been proposed as superior, particularly under challenging environmental conditions and for restoration of beneficial microbial communities in disturbed soil environments. To test this hypothesis, the performance of a commercial MCP inoculant based on 22 PGPM strains was investigated in greenhouse experiments with maize on three soils with contrasting pH, organic matter content and microbial activity, under different P and N fertilization regimes.

Predicting local drug availability of locally acting lozenges: From method design to a linear level A IVIVC.

Lozenges are commonly applied in the treatment of sore throat. They often contain drugs intended to exert their effect locally in the oral cavity and throat. In the recent past, an increasing interest in development of generic products for locally acting lozenges could be noted.

Bioequivalence of locally acting lozenges: Evaluation of critical in vivo parameters and first steps towards a bio-predictive in vitro test method.

Locally-acting lozenges are among the most common types of solid dosage forms applied in the oral cavity. Since no guidance on the in vitro demonstration of local bioequivalence is available, we wanted to develop a new bio-predictive test method for dissolution of lozenges based on a set of physiological parameters relevant to lozenge dissolution in the oral cavity. An in vivo sucking study determining the impact of different lozenge (candy) bases and flavours on sucking times, saliva osmolality and salivary flow rates was performed in 6 volunteers.

In vitro dissolution testing of parenteral aqueous solutions and oily suspensions of paracetamol and prednisolone.

The number of intramuscularly applied dosage forms has been continuously increasing during the last decades. However, up to date no in vitro dissolution test method for parenteral dosage forms has been described in the Ph. Eur.