Female genital circumcision/mutilation: implications for female urogynaecological health.

"Female genital circumcision" or "female genital mutilation", as it is called more often, is an operation that is primarily carried out in Africa. Owing to migration, physicians are increasingly confronted with this issue in Western countries as well. A range of negative effects may result from this operation and this article aims to address consequences for female pelvic health.

Expression of multiple tfb genes in different Halobacterium salinarum strains and interaction of TFB with transcriptional activator GvpE.

Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 contains multiple TBP and TFB proteins required for the recruitment of RNA polymerase for transcription initiation. The presence and the expression of genes encoding TFB were investigated in the two Hbt. salinarum strains NRC-1 and PHH1 and the mutant strain PHH4.

Interaction of transcription activator GvpE with TATA-box-binding proteins of Halobacterium salinarum.

GvpE is the transcriptional activator of the gvp gene cluster involved in gas vesicle formation in Haloabacterium salinarum. A 20-nucleotide sequence is required for the GvpE-mediated activation of the two oppositely oriented gvp promoters, P ( A ) and P ( D ). This sequence is located adjacent to the TATA-box and the transcription factor-B-binding site BRE, suggesting an interaction between GvpE and proteins of the transcription initiation apparatus.

Variations in the multiple tbp genes in different Halobacterium salinarum strains and their expression during growth.

The presence and expression of the multiple tbp genes encoding TATA-box binding proteins (TBPs) was investigated in various strains and mutants of the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum. Six genes, tbpA through tbpF, are present in the genome of Hbt. salinarum NRC-1 and also in the gas vesicle negative mutant strain R1.