Muscle metabolome and adipose tissue mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in over-conditioned dairy cows differing in serum-metabotype.

Over-conditioned dairy cows, classified by body condition score (BCS) and backfat thickness (BFT) are less able to metabolically adapt to the rapidly increasing milk yield after parturition. Based on serum metabolome and cluster analyses, high BCS cows (HBCS) could be classified into metabotypes that are more similar to normal (NBCS) cows, i.e.

Profiling of circulating microRNA and pathway analysis in normal- versus over-conditioned dairy cows during the dry period and early lactation.

The objective of this study was to determine the circulating microRNA (miRNA) profile in over-conditioned (HBCS) versus normal-conditioned (NBCS) dairy cows in combination with pathway enrichment analyses during the transition period. Thirty-eight multiparous Holstein cows were selected 15 wk before anticipated calving date based on their current and previous body condition scores (BCS) for forming either a HBCS group (n = 19) or a NBCS group (n = 19). They were fed different diets during late lactation to reach the targeted differences in BCS and backfat thickness until dry-off.

Discovery of different metabotypes in overconditioned dairy cows by means of machine learning.

Using data from targeted metabolomics in serum in combination with machine learning (ML) approaches, we aimed at (1) identifying divergent metabotypes in overconditioned cows and at (2) exploring how metabotypes are associated with lactation performance, blood metabolites, and hormones. In a previously established animal model, 38 pregnant multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to 2 groups that were fed differently to reach either high (HBCS) or normal (NBCS) body condition score (BCS) and backfat thickness (BFT) until dryoff at -49 d before calving [NBCS: BCS < 3.5 (3.

Plasma proteomic profiling and pathway analysis of normal and overconditioned dairy cows during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation.

This study applied a quantitative proteomics approach along with bioinformatics analyses to investigate changes in the plasma proteome of normal and overconditioned dairy cows during the transition period. Fifteen weeks before their anticipated calving date, 38 multiparous Holstein cows were selected based on their current and previous body condition scores (BCS) and allocated to either a high or a normal BCS group (19 cows each). They received different diets until dry-off to reach targeted differences in BCS and back fat thickness (BFT) until dry-off.

Alterations of the acylcarnitine profiles in blood serum and in muscle from periparturient cows with normal or elevated body condition.

The objective of the current study was to characterize muscle and blood serum acylcarnitine (AcylCN) profiles and to determine the mRNA abundance of muscle carnitine acyltransferases in periparturient dairy cows with high (HBCS) and normal body condition (NBCS). Fifteen weeks antepartum, 38 pregnant multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to 2 groups that were fed differently to reach the targeted BCS and backfat thickness (BFT) until dry-off at -49 d before calving (HBCS: BCS >3.75 and BFT >1.

Metabolomics meets machine learning: Longitudinal metabolite profiling in serum of normal versus overconditioned cows and pathway analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the differences in the metabolic profiles in serum of dairy cows that were normal or overconditioned when dried off for elucidating the pathophysiological reasons for the increased health disturbances commonly associated with overconditioning. Fifteen weeks antepartum, 38 multiparous Holstein cows were allocated to either a high body condition (HBCS; n = 19) group or a normal body condition (NBCS; n = 19) group and were fed different diets until dry-off to amplify the difference. The groups were also stratified for comparable milk yields (NBCS: 10,361 ± 302 kg; HBCS: 10,315 ± 437 kg; mean ± standard deviation).

Enzymatic production of lactulose and epilactose in milk.

The enzymatic production of lactulose was described recently through conversion of lactose by a thermophilic cellobiose 2-epimerase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus (CsCE). In the current study, we examined the application of CsCE for lactulose and epilactose production in milk (1.5% fat).