Automated segmentation of cell organelles in volume electron microscopy using deep learning.

Recent advances in computing power triggered the use of artificial intelligence in image analysis in life sciences. To train these algorithms, a large enough set of certified labeled data is required. The trained neural network is then capable of producing accurate instance segmentation results that will then need to be re-assembled into the original dataset: the entire process requires substantial expertise and time to achieve quantifiable results.

Nuclear envelope budding and its cellular functions.

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) has long been assumed to be the sole route across the nuclear envelope, and under normal homeostatic conditions it is indeed the main mechanism of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. However, it has also been known that e.g.

Using reporters of different misfolded proteins reveals differential strategies in processing protein aggregates.

The accumulation of misfolded proteins is a hallmark of aging and many neurodegenerative diseases, making it important to understand how the cellular machinery recognizes and processes such proteins. A key question in this respect is whether misfolded proteins are handled in a similar way regardless of their genetic origin. To approach this question, we compared how three different misfolded proteins, guk1-7, gus1-3, and pro3-1, are handled by the cell.

Inhibition of MAP4K4 signaling initiates metabolic reprogramming to protect hepatocytes from lipotoxic damage.

The primary hepatic consequence of obesity is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affecting about 25% of the global adult population. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of NAFLD characterized by liver lipid accumulation, inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning, with a different degree of hepatic fibrosis. In the light of rapidly increasing prevalence of NAFLD and NASH, there is an urgent need for improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these diseases.

High-Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM) in Multimodal Imaging Approaches.

High-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) is a three-dimensional (3D) episcopic imaging modality based on the acquisition of two-dimensional (2D) images from the cut surface of a block of tissue embedded in resin. Such images, acquired serially through the entire length/depth of the tissue block, are aligned and stacked for 3D reconstruction. HREM has proven to be specifically advantageous when integrated in correlative multimodal imaging (CMI) pipelines.

Large organellar changes occur during mild heat shock in yeast.

When the temperature is increased, the heat-shock response is activated to protect the cellular environment. The transcriptomics and proteomics of this process are intensively studied, while information about how the cell responds structurally to heat stress is mostly lacking. Here, Saccharomyces cerevisiae were subjected to a mild continuous heat shock (38°C) and intermittently cryo-immobilised for electron microscopy.