Monocyte-induced development of Th17 cells and the release of S100 proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease.

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, the pathophysiology of GvHD remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the induction of Th17 cells by monocytes of patients with GvHD in vitro, demonstrating that monocytes isolated from patients with acute skin and intestinal GvHD stage I-IV and chronic GvHD induce significantly increased levels of Th17 cells compared with patients without GvHD.

Evaluating combinations of costimulatory antibody-ligand fusion proteins for targeted cancer immunotherapy.

Combinatory strategies are becoming of increasing interest in cancer immunotherapy. Costimulation by individual members of the immunoglobulin-like (Ig)- and TNF superfamily have already shown promising antitumor potential, thus prompting the exploration of their synergistic abilities in combinatorial approaches. Here, we pursued a targeted strategy with antibody-fusion proteins composed of a tumor-directed antibody and the extracellular domain of the costimulatory ligand B7.

Influence of a mutation in IFN-γ receptor 2 (IFNGR2) in human cells on the generation of Th17 cells in memory T cells.

The T cell subsets involved in inflammatory reactions are mainly the IFN-γ secreting Th1 cells and IL17-producing Th17 cells. Although Th17 cells are primed in the thymus, there is evidence that Th17 cells can be generated from effector memory CD4(+) T cells. Cytokines as IL-6, TGF-β, IL-21 and IL-23 involved in development of Th17 cells are well described.