Changes in Brain Metallome/Metabolome Pattern due to a Single i.v. Injection of Manganese in Rats.

Exposure to high concentrations of Manganese (Mn) is known to potentially induce an accumulation in the brain, leading to a Parkinson related disease, called manganism. Versatile mechanisms of Mn-induced brain injury are discussed, with inactivation of mitochondrial defense against oxidative stress being a major one. So far, studies indicate that the main Mn-species entering the brain are low molecular mass (LMM) compounds such as Mn-citrate.

Diverse Serum Manganese Species Affect Brain Metabolites Depending on Exposure Conditions.

Occupational and environmental exposure to increased concentrations of manganese (Mn) can lead to an accumulation of this element in the brain. The consequence is an irreversible damage of dopaminergic neurons leading to a disease called manganism with a clinical presentation similar to the one observed in Parkinson's disease. Human as well as animal studies indicate that Mn is mainly bound to low molecular mass (LMM) compounds such as Mn-citrate when crossing neural barriers.