"We don't even know where it's kept": exploring perspectives on naloxone administration by provincial correctional workers in Manitoba, Canada.

Purpose: Prisonersare at disproportionate risk of suffering substance-related harms. The administration of naloxone is essential to reversing opioid overdose and minimizing substance-related harms in prison and the community. The purpose of this study is to examine how naloxone administration is practiced and perceived in prison settings.

Prospective evaluation of clinical and radiographic 10-year results of Fitmore short-stem total hip arthroplasty.

Background: Short stems were introduced into total hip arthroplasty (THA) to preserve bone stock, to transmit more load to the proximal femur, and to enable minimal invasive approaches. This study is the first long-term study (with a follow-up of 10 years) of the survival as well as the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the Fitmore hip stem, a short curved uncemented stem.

Methods: In total, 123 Fitmore hip stems were prospectively evaluated.

Social and structural barriers and facilitators to HIV healthcare and harm reduction services for people experiencing syndemics in Manitoba: study protocol.

Introduction: In Manitoba, Canada, there has been an increase in the number of people newly diagnosed with HIV and those not returning for regular HIV care. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased sex and gender disparities in disease risk and mortalities, decreased harm reduction services and reduced access to healthcare. These health crises intersect with increased drug use and drug poisoning deaths, houselessness and other structural and social factors most acutely among historically underserved groups.

Parole Work in Canada: Tensions in Supervising People Convicted of Sex Crimes.

Internationally, parole work is loaded with tensions, particularly when supervising a people convicted of sex crimes (PCSCs) who, due to their criminal history, are stigmatized and occupy the lowest rungs of the status hierarchy in prison and society more broadly. Drawing on analyses of interview data from federal parole officers ( = 150) employed by Correctional Service Canada, we interpret their perceptions and feelings about overseeing re-entry preparations and processes for the PCSCs on their caseloads. We unpack the "tensions" imbued in parole officers' internal reflections and negotiation of complexities in their efforts toward supporting client's rehabilitation efforts, desistance from crime while negotiating external factors (e.

"It's just not the same": Exploring PWUD' perceptions of and experiences with drug policy and SCS services change in a Canadian City.

Background And Aims: Shifting political contexts can significantly alter drug policy approaches and available supports for People Who Use Drugs (PWUD). The purpose of this study was to explore how shifts in provincial drug policy approaches, specifically the replacement of a Safe Consumption Site (SCS) with a smaller mobile Overdose Prevention Site (OPS) in Lethbridge, Alberta Canada, impacted PWUD' access to and experiences with harm reduction services.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 50 PWUD in the City of Lethbridge, Canada.

"Prison didn't change me, I have changed": Narratives of change, self, and prison time.

Drawing on interview data with over 50 male former prisoners in Ontario, Canada, we examine male ex-prisoners' narratives of change within prison settings. Specifically, we focus on how ex-prisoners talk about change to self and their persona, as they reflect back on both their pre-prison selves and the ways they believe prison changed them. We find that these ex-prisoners described prison as a time where they developed a more general sense of positive change.

A qualitative comparison of how people who use drugs' perceptions and experiences of policing affect supervised consumption services access in two cities.

Background: Police presence near Supervised Consumption Services (SCS) and other harm reduction services has been shown to hamper access to these critical facilities for People Who Use Drugs (PWUD). However, few studies document the empirical nuances of these contextually dependant police-PWUD relationships, and how PWUD' experiences and perceptions of policing near harm reduction services shape SCS access. If the goal is to increase SCS uptake, understanding the complexities of PWUD-police relations near SCS is imperative for guiding both formal policy and informal best-practices.

A Polymorphism of Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Affects Its Neutralization Efficiency towards Lipopolysaccharide.

Gram-negative sepsis driven by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has detrimental outcomes, especially in neonates. The neutrophil-derived bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) potently neutralizes LPS. Interestingly, polymorphism of the gene at position 645 (rs4358188) corresponds to a favorable survival rate of these patients in the presence of at least one allele 645 A as opposed to 645 G.

CCWORK protocol: a longitudinal study of Canadian Correctional Workers' Well-being, Organizations, Roles and Knowledge.

Introduction: Knowledge about the factors that contribute to the correctional officer's (CO) mental health and well-being, or best practices for improving the mental health and well-being of COs, have been hampered by the dearth of rigorous longitudinal studies. In the current protocol, we share the approach used in the Canadian Correctional Workers' Well-being, Organizations, Roles and Knowledge study (CCWORK), designed to investigate several determinants of health and well-being among COs working in Canada's federal prison system.

Methods And Analysis: CCWORK is a multiyear longitudinal cohort design (2018-2023, with a 5-year renewal) to study 500 COs working in 43 Canadian federal prisons.

Upregulation of CD20 Positive B-Cells and B-Cell Aggregates in the Tumor Infiltration Zone is Associated with Better Survival of Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) normally have a poor long-term prognosis. However, some rare cases of long-term survivors have been reported. The tumor microenvironment, consisting of cellular and stromal components, possibly plays an important role and might influence prognosis.

Impact of geography and surgical approach on recurrence in global pilonidal sinus disease.

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is increasing globally. A recent meta-analysis and merged-data analysis showed that recurrence rates in PSD depend essentially on follow-up time and specific surgical procedures. However, the global distribution of surgical approaches and respective recurrence rates have never been studied in PSD.

Supramolecular nanopatterns of H-shaped molecules.

Alkoxy-substituted phenylene-ethynylene-butadiynylenes (PEBs) are connected via 1H-benzimidazole units to form H-shaped molecular scaffolds that self-assemble on graphite at the solid/liquid interface. Spacer lengths and end groups determine supramolecular tiling patterns, as shown via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).

Multiple neuroprotective mechanisms of minocycline in autoimmune CNS inflammation.

Axonal destruction and neuronal loss occur early during multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune inflammatory CNS disease that frequently manifests with acute optic neuritis. Available therapies mainly target the inflammatory component of the disease but fail to prevent neurodegeneration. To investigate the effect of minocycline on the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that form the axons of the optic nerve, we used a rat model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Effects of glatiramer acetate and interferon-beta on neurodegeneration in a model of multiple sclerosis: a comparative study.

Axonal destruction and neuronal loss occur early during multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune inflammatory central nervous system disease that frequently manifests with acute optic neuritis. Glatiramer acetate (GA) and interferon-beta-1b (IFN-beta-1b) are two immunomodulatory agents that have been shown to decrease the frequency of MS relapses. However, the question of whether these substances can slow neurodegeneration in MS patients is the subject of controversy.

Effects of interferon-beta-1a on neuronal survival under autoimmune inflammatory conditions.

Interferon-beta-1a (IFN-beta-1a) is an approved treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). It improves the disease course by reducing the relapse rate as well as the persistent neurological deficits. Recent MRI and post-mortem studies revealed that neuronal and axonal damage are most relevant for chronic disability in MS patients.

HIV-Tat-mediated Bcl-XL delivery protects retinal ganglion cells during experimental autoimmune optic neuritis.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), post-mortem studies of human brain tissue as well as data from animal models have shown that apoptosis of neurons occurs to a significant extent during this disease. As neurodegeneration in MS correlates with permanent neurological deficits in patients, understanding the mechanisms would be an important pre-condition for designing appropriate neuroprotective therapies. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis often affects the optic nerve and leads to consecutive apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that form its axons.

Ciliary neurotrophic factor protects retinal ganglion cells from secondary cell death during acute autoimmune optic neuritis in rats.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS which leads to demyelination, axonal destruction and neuronal loss in the early stages. Available therapies mainly target the inflammatory component of the disease but fail to prevent neurodegeneration. To investigate the effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that form the axons of the optic nerve, we used a rat model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Combined therapy with methylprednisolone and erythropoietin in a model of multiple sclerosis.

Neurodegenerative processes determine the clinical disease course of multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory autoimmune CNS disease that frequently manifests with acute optic neuritis. None of the established multiple sclerosis therapies has been shown to clearly reduce neurodegeneration. In a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we recently demonstrated increased neuronal apoptosis under methylprednisolone therapy, although CNS inflammation was effectively controlled.

Mechanisms and time course of neuronal degeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Neuronal and axonal damage is considered to be the main cause for long-term disability in multiple sclerosis. We analyzed the mechanism and kinetics of neuronal cell death in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) by combining an electrophysiological in vivo assessment of the optic pathway with the investigation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) counts. In accordance with our previous findings in this animal model, neuritis of the optic nerve (ON) leads to apoptotic RGC death.

Methylprednisolone increases neuronal apoptosis during autoimmune CNS inflammation by inhibition of an endogenous neuroprotective pathway.

Optic neuritis is one of the most common clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS. High-dosage methylprednisolone treatment has been established as the standard therapy of acute inflammation of the optic nerve (ON). The rationale for corticosteroid treatment lies in the antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties of these drugs, as shown in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS.