Eur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract
January 2024
Aims: In adult patients with transposition of the great arteries (dTGA) after arterial switch operation (ASO), the coronary artery circulation after neonatal surgical transfer remains a major culprit for long-term sequelae, including myocardial ischaemia and sudden cardiac death. As coronary imaging in paediatric age is often incomplete and classification mainly relies on the surgeon's description in the operation report, we intended to develop a systematic, understandable pattern of the coronary status for each young patient, combining unambiguous coding with non-invasive imaging.
Methods And Results: The monocentric prospective study evaluated 89 young adults (mean 23 years) after ASO for dTGA including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) coronary angiography.
Thermodilution methods to determine cardiac output (CO) may be affected by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We compared CO estimations by pulmonary arterial thermodilution using a pulmonary arterial catheter (COPAC), transpulmonary thermodilution (COTPTD), and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DEcho) (CO3DEcho) in 18 patients under veno-venous ECMO. Comparisons between CO3DEcho and COPAC, and COTPTD were performed using correlation statistics and Bland-Altman analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Parameters of the interaction of the left atrium and left ventricle, atrioventricular (AV) coupling, are used in the diagnosis and follow-up of diastolic dysfunction in adults. Pediatric parameters of AV coupling have not been evaluated so far. The aim of this multicenter study was to investigate parameters of AV coupling in a large cohort of healthy infants and children using noninvasive real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Patients with a functionally univentricular heart represent one of the most common severe cardiac lesions with a prevalence of 3 per 10,000 live births. Hemodynamics of the singular ventricle is a major research topic in cardiology and there exists a relationship between fluid dynamical features and cardiac behavior in health and disease. The aim of the present work was to compare intraventricular flow in single right ventricle (SRV) patients and subjects with healthy left hearts (LV) through patient-specific CFD simulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The gold standard to obtain pressure-volume relations (PVR) of the heart, the conductance technology (PVRCond), is rarely used in children. PVR can also be obtained by 3D-echocardiography volume data combined with simultaneously measured pressure data by a mini pressure-wire (PVR3DE). We sought to investigate the feasibility of both methods in patients with univentricular hearts and to compare them, including hemodynamic changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeft ventricular stroke work is an important prognostic marker to analyze cardiac function. Standard values for children are, however, missing. For clinicians, standards can help to improve the treatment decision of heart failures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrating spontaneous breathing into mechanical ventilation (MV) can speed up liberation from it and reduce its invasiveness. On the other hand, inadequate and asynchronous spontaneous breathing has the potential to aggravate lung injury. During use of airway-pressure-release-ventilation (APRV), the assisted breaths are difficult to measure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBurn injury initiates a hypermetabolic response leading to muscle catabolism and organ dysfunction but has not been well-characterized by high-throughput metabolomics. We examined changes in metabolism over the first 72 h post-burn using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy and serum from a porcine model of severe burn injury. We sought to quantify the changes in metabolism that occur over time in response to severe burn and smoke inhalation in this preliminary study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Evaluation of left atrial (LA) size and function is important in congenital and acquired pediatric cardiac disease. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) offers noninvasive assessment of cardiac volumes and phasic function independent of geometric assumptions. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to establish pediatric reference values for LA 3DE volumes and phasic function based on a large cohort of healthy children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Smoke inhalation and burn injury remain a major source of morbidity and mortality. There is known dysregulation of hemostasis in burn patients, but either hypercoagulation or hypocoagulation states are reported. Sheep are an established animal model for studying burn pathology and provide robust data on hemostatic function at baseline and after injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pressure-volume loops (PVL) provide vital information regarding ventricular performance and pathophysiology in cardiac disease. Unfortunately, acquisition of PVL by conductance technology is not feasible in neonates and small children due to the available human catheter size and resulting invasiveness. The aim of the study was to validate the accuracy of PVL in small hearts using volume data obtained by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and simultaneously acquired pressure data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo compare stroke volumes (SV) in small hearts assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) with SV measured by transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) and continuous pulse contour analysis (PC) under various hemodynamic conditions. In thirteen anesthetized piglets (range 3.6-7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The authors studied the effects on membrane lung carbon dioxide extraction (VCO2ML), spontaneous ventilation, and energy expenditure (EE) of an innovative extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) technique enhanced by acidification (acid load carbon dioxide removal [ALCO2R]) via lactic acid.
Methods: Six spontaneously breathing healthy ewes were connected to an extracorporeal circuit with blood flow 250 ml/min and gas flow 10 l/min. Sheep underwent two randomly ordered experimental sequences, each consisting of two 12-h alternating phases of ALCO2R and ECCO2R.
Introduction: In thermally injured patients, inhalation injury is often associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and is an independent predictor of increased morbidity and mortality. Extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2R) therapy offers new possibilities in protective mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients. We performed an early application of ECCO2R in mild-to-moderate ARDS in sheep ventilated in BiPAP mode.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Host inflammatory response to any form of tissue injury, including burn, trauma, or shock, has been well documented. After significant burns, cytokines can increase substantially within the first 24 h after injury and may contribute to subsequent organ failure. Hemoadsorption by cytokine-adsorbing columns may attenuate this maladaptive response, thereby improving outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcidification of blood entering a membrane lung (ML) with lactic acid enhances CO2 removal (VCO2ML). We compared the effects of infusion of acetic, citric, and lactic acids on VCO2ML. Three sheep were connected to a custom-made circuit, consisting of a Hemolung device (Alung Technologies, Pittsburgh, PA), a hemofilter (NxStage, NxStage Medical, Lawrence, MA), and a peristaltic pump recirculating ultrafiltrate before the ML.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe combination of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) and hemofiltration is a possible therapeutic strategy for patients needing both lung and renal support. We tested the effects of the recirculation of ultrafiltrate on membrane lung (ML) CO2 removal (VCO2ML). Three conscious, spontaneously breathing sheep were connected to a commercially produced ECCO2R device (Hemolung; Alung Technologies, Pittsburgh, PA) with a blood flow of 250 ml/min and a gas flow of 10 L/min.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA prolonged and fulminant inflammatory state, with high levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, is seen after extensive thermal injury. Blood purification techniques including plasma exchange, continuous venovenous hemofiltration, and adsorbing membranes have the potential to modulate this response, thereby improving outcomes. This article describes the scientific rationale behind blood purification in burns and offers a review of literature regarding its potential application in this patient cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Lung-protective mechanical ventilation with low tidal volumes (V(T)) is often associated with hypercapnia (HC), which may be unacceptable in patients with brain injury. CO2 removal using a percutaneous extracorporeal lung assist (pECLA) enables normocapnia despite low V(T), but its effects on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) remain ambiguous. We hypothesized that reversal of HC by pECLA impairs rCBF in a porcine lung injury model.
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