COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Comorbidities.

The emergence of a new coronavirus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - has resulted in a global pandemic. The associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a high number of death worldwide. Observational studies and case reports have provided insights that older age and the presence of chronic diseases is frequently associated with a higher COVID-19 severity.

The burden of type 2 diabetes in Europe: Current and future aspects of insulin treatment from patient and healthcare spending perspectives.

Due to the progressive nature of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), initiation of insulin therapy is very likely in the disease continuum. This article aims at highlighting the current situation with regard to insulin therapy in people with T2DM in Europe and at presenting the associated unmet need. Challenges for both people with T2DM and healthcare professionals include clinical inertia also derived from fear of hypoglycaemia, weight gain and injections as well as increased need for a comprehensive diabetes management.

Patient-centred care in type 2 diabetes mellitus - Key aspects of PDM-ProValue are reflected in the 2018 ADA/EASD consensus report.

In 2018, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) published a consensus report on the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, recommending, amongst others, a patient-centred decision cycle to prevent complications and optimise quality of life. The PDM-ProValue study program which focused on the assessment of integrated personalised diabetes management provided evidence for the efficacy of its implementation. In this comparative review, we identified the standardised decision cycle as well as individualised patient assessment as the overarching elements of the ADA/EASD consensus report and the PDM-ProValue study.

Budget Impact of Improved Diabetes Management by Utilization of Glucose Meters With a Color-Range Indicator-Comparison of Five European Healthcare Systems.

Background And Aim: Costs for the treatment of diabetes and its comorbidities are a major international issue. A recent randomized clinical trial showed that the introduction of color range indicator (CRI)-based glucose meters (GMs) positively affects the HbA1c of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, when compared to GMs without a CRI. This budget impact analysis aimed to translate this beneficial effect of CRI-based GMs, OneTouch Verio Flex and OneTouch Verio, into potential monetary impact for the healthcare systems of five European countries, Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom.

Pan-European Economic Analysis to Identify Cost Savings for the Health Care Systems as a Result of Integrating Glucose Monitoring Based Telemedical Approaches Into Diabetes Management.

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose supported by the diabetes-app OneTouch Reveal® has demonstrated to improve HbA1c. We aimed at analyzing costs savings related the integration of telemedical features into diabetes management.

Methods: Data from a randomized controlled trial were used to assess the 10-year risk of patients for fatal myocardial infarction (MI).

PDM-ProValue meets cardiovascular outcome trials in diabetes.

Novel studies have increased our knowledge regarding optimal treatment options in diabetes. Key studies that have broadened our knowledge about optimal treatment options in diabetes in recent years are cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) and studies investigating aspects of digitalisation and monitoring of glucose (e.g.

Modeling of Diabetes and Its Clinical Impact.

Understanding all aspects of diabetes treatment is hindered by the complexity of this chronic disease and its multifaceted complications and comorbidities, including social and financial impacts. In vivo studies as well as clinical trials provided invaluable information for unraveling not only metabolic processes but also risk estimations of, for example, complications. These approaches are often time- and cost-consuming and have frequently been supported by simulation models.

Improvement of Metabolic Control and Diabetes Management in Insulin-Treated Patients Results in Substantial Cost Savings for the German Health System.

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) using the ColourSure™ Technology to visualize target range showed improvement of metabolic control and overall diabetes self-management in insulin-treated patients. This economic analysis aimed to identify cost savings for the German health system resulting from an HbA1c reduction due to the utilization of user-friendly glucose meters.

Methods: Patient data from a recently published observational study on SMBG were used for risk evaluations using the UKPDS risk engine.

Myotube migration to cover and shape the testis of depends on Heartless, Cadherin/Catenin, and myosin II.

During metamorphosis, nascent testis myotubes migrate from the prospective seminal vesicle of the genital disc onto pupal testes and then further to cover the testes with multinucleated smooth-like muscles. Here we show that DWnt2 is likely required for determination of testis-relevant myoblasts on the genital disc. Knock down of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) by RNAi and a dominant-negative version revealed multiple functions of Heartless, namely regulation of the amount of myoblasts on the genital disc, connection of seminal vesicles and testes, and migration of muscles along the testes.

A new level of plasticity: Drosophila smooth-like testes muscles compensate failure of myoblast fusion.

The testis of Drosophila resembles an individual testis tubule of mammals. Both are surrounded by a sheath of smooth muscles, which in Drosophila are multinuclear and originate from a pool of myoblasts that are set aside in the embryo and accumulate on the genital disc later in development. These muscle stem cells start to differentiate early during metamorphosis and give rise to all muscles of the inner male reproductive system.