Preformed Donor-Specific HLA Antibodies in Living and Deceased Donor Transplantation: A Multicenter Study.

Background And Objectives: The prognostic value of preformed donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA), which are only detectable by sensitive methods, remains controversial for kidney transplantation.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: The outcome of 4233 consecutive kidney transplants performed between 2012 and 2015 in 18 German transplant centers was evaluated. Most centers used a stepwise pretransplant antibody screening with bead array tests and differentiation of positive samples by single antigen assays.

The DAU allele cluster of the RHD gene.

Variant D occurs frequently in Africans. However, considerably less RHD alleles have been described in this population compared with Europeans. We characterized 5 new RHD alleles, dubbed DAU-0 to DAU-4, that shared a T379M substitution and occurred in a cDe haplotype.