Liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, stimulates AKT-dependent survival signalling and inhibits pancreatic β-cell apoptosis.

Liraglutide, a human long-lasting GLP-1 analogue, is currently regarded as a powerful treatment option for type 2 diabetes. Apart from glucoregulatory and insulinotropic actions, liraglutide increases β-cell mass through stimulation of β-cell proliferation and islet neogenesis, as well as inhibition of β-cell apoptosis. However, the underline molecular mechanisms have not been fully characterized.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Seed Oil on an Experimental Model of Hypertensive Retinopathy in Wistar Rats.

Background/aims: Sea buckthorn ( L.) oil is a rich source of phytosterols, flavonoids, unsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of sea buckthorn oil on rat retina in hypertensive retinopathy.

Nephrin, a transmembrane protein, is involved in pancreatic beta-cell survival signaling.

Nephrin, a cell surface signaling receptor, regulates podocyte function in health and disease. We study the role of nephrin in β-cell survival signaling. We report that in mouse islet β-cells and the mouse pancreatic beta-cell line (βTC-6 cells) nephrin is associated and partly co-localized with PI3-kinase.

High glucose induces suppression of insulin signalling and apoptosis via upregulation of endogenous IL-1beta and suppressor of cytokine signalling-1 in mouse pancreatic beta cells.

Chronic hyperglycemia and inflammatory cytokines disrupt and/or attenuate signal transduction pathways that promote normal beta-cell survival, leading to the destruction of endocrine pancreas in type 2 diabetes. There is convincing evidence that autocrine insulin signalling exerts protective anti-apoptotic effects on beta cells. Suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) were induced by several cytokines and inhibit insulin-initiated signal transduction.

Elk-1 is a novel protein-binding partner for FAK, regulating phagocytosis in medfly hemocytes.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its downstream signaling targets, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), are implicated in the process of phagocytosis by insect hemocytes. The goal of this study was to explore further the signaling pathways underlining the process of phagocytosis. The combination of bioinformatics, biochemical, and immunofluorescence approaches strongly support the expression of Elk-1-like protein in medfly hemocytes.