BIN1 suppresses glial response to plaques in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The BIN1 coding variant rs138047593 (K358R) is linked to Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) via targeted exome sequencing.

Methods: To elucidate the functional consequences of this rare coding variant on brain amyloidosis and neuroinflammation, we generated BIN1 knock-in mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. These mice were subsequently bred with 5xFAD transgenic mice, which serve as a model for Alzheimer's pathology.

A Trem2 mouse model without cryptic splicing drives age- and disease-dependent tissue damage and synaptic loss in response to plaques.

Background: The TREM2 R47H variant is one of the strongest genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Unfortunately, many current Trem2 mouse models are associated with cryptic mRNA splicing of the mutant allele that produces a confounding reduction in protein product. To overcome this issue, we developed the Trem2 (Normal Splice Site) mouse model in which the Trem2 allele is expressed at a similar level to the wild-type Trem2 allele without evidence of cryptic splicing products.

Fasting-mimicking diet cycles reduce neuroinflammation to attenuate cognitive decline in Alzheimer's models.

The effects of fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) cycles in reducing many aging and disease risk factors indicate it could affect Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we show that FMD cycles reduce cognitive decline and AD pathology in E4FAD and 3xTg AD mouse models, with effects superior to those caused by protein restriction cycles. In 3xTg mice, long-term FMD cycles reduce hippocampal Aβ load and hyperphosphorylated tau, enhance genesis of neural stem cells, decrease microglia number, and reduce expression of neuroinflammatory genes, including superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (Nox2).

Impact of a Laboratory-Developed Phenotypic Rapid Susceptibility Test Directly From Positive Blood Cultures on Time to Narrowest Effective Therapy in Patients With Gram-Negative Bacteremia: A Prospective Randomized Trial.

Background: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is often needed prior to antimicrobial optimization for patients with gram-negative bloodstream infections (GN-BSIs). Rapid AST (rAST) in combination with antimicrobial stewardship (AS) may decrease time to administration of narrower antibiotics.

Methods: This was a prospective, nonblinded, randomized trial evaluating the impact of a phenotypic rAST method vs conventional AST (cAST) in hospitalized patients with GN-BSI and source control.

Demographic Predictors of Treatment and Complications for Spinal Disorders: Part 2, Lumbar Spine Trauma.

Objective: To study the impact of demographic factors on management of traumatic injury to the lumbar spine and postoperative complication rates.

Methods: Data was obtained from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2010-2014. International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification codes identified patients diagnosed with lumbar fractures or dislocations due to trauma.

Association of tranexamic acid with decreased blood loss in patients undergoing laminectomy and fusion with posterior instrumentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent associated with reduced blood loss and mortality in a wide range of procedures, including spine surgery, traumatic brain injury, and craniosynostosis. Despite this wide use, the safety and efficacy of TXA in spine surgery has been considered controversial due to a relative scarcity of literature and lack of statistical power in reported studies. However, if TXA can be shown to reduce blood loss in laminectomy with fusion and posterior instrumentation, more surgeons may include it in their armamentarium.

Citation analysis of the most influential ependymoma research articles illustrates improved knowledge of the molecular biology of ependymoma.

The history of academic research on ependymoma is expansive. This review summarizes its history with a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles on ependymoma. In March 2020, we queried the Web of Science database to identify the most cited articles on ependymoma using the terms "ependymoma" or "ependymal tumors," yielding 3145 publications.

Trends in Diagnosis and Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Pathology Over the Past 10 Years: Review of Scientific Evidence for New Devices for Sacroiliac Joint Fusion.

Sacroiliac (SI) joint pathology is a newly appreciated contributor to lower back pain. Sacroiliac joint fusion (SIJF) has grown rapidly in popularity in association with the advent of minimally-invasive surgical techniques. This has led to an explosion of new medical devices used for SIJF.

Ethical considerations and patient safety concerns for cancelling non-urgent surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review.

At the time of writing of this article, there have been over 110 million cases and 2.4 million deaths worldwide since the start of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, postponing millions of non-urgent surgeries. Existing literature explores the complexities of rationing medical care.

Getting Down to the Bare Bones: Does laminoplasty or laminectomy With Fusion Provide Better Outcomes for Patients With Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy?

Objective: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a degenerative disorder leading to progressive decline in spinal cord function. Cervical laminoplasty (CLP) and cervical laminectomy with fusion (CLF) are standard treatments for multilevel CSM. However, it is still unclear whether one procedure over the other provides better outcomes.

The 100 Most Influential Publications on Medulloblastoma: Areas of Past, Current, and Future Focus.

Background: This article is the first to identify the most influential articles on medulloblastoma using the citation analysis methodology.

Objective: To perform a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles on medulloblastoma.

Methods: Using the Web of Science database, search criteria included the title-specific keyword "medulloblastoma" OR "cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)" OR "cerebellar PNET.

Staged Cranial Surgery for Intracranial Lesions: Historical Perspective.

We follow the development of staged resection from its first description by Walter E. Dandy, one of the founding fathers of neurosurgery, in 1925 in which he removed a large vestibular schwannoma.This historical vignette cites neurosurgical case reports and literature to demonstrate the evolution of staged resection of intracranial lesions, from Dandy's initial use to its becoming a more viable and safe option for the treatment of meningiomas, vestibular schwannomas, and skull base lesions (among numerous other intracranial pathologies).