Investigating the incidence, impact, and severity of pulmonary complications after hepatectomy: A single institution experience.

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications are a common cause of postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing hepatectomy. This study aimed to identify risk factors, define severity, and evaluate the impact of postoperative pulmonary complications on postoperative morbidity after hepatectomy.

Method: We used a prospective database in identifying all hepatectomies from 2013 to 2018.

Outcomes in Endoscopic and Operative Transgastric Pancreatic Debridement.

Objectives: Select patients with anatomically favorable walled off pancreatic necrosis may be treated by endoscopic (Endo-TGD) or operative (OR-TGD) transgastric debridement (TGD). We compared our experience with these 2 approaches.

Summary Background Data: Select necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) patients are suitable for TGD which may be accomplished endoscopically or surgically.

Novel Preoperative Patient-centered Surgical Wellness Program Impacts Length of Stay Following Pancreatectomy.

Background/aim: We created a novel, preoperative wellness program (WP) that promotes recovery. This study assessed its impact on patient outcomes after pancreatectomy.

Patients And Methods: Pancreatoduodenectomies (PD) and distal pancreatectomies (DP) performed from 2015 to 2018 were reviewed using our institutional NSQIP database.

Insurance Type and Marital Status Impact Hospital Length of Stay After Pancreatoduodenectomy.

Background: Recognition of the impact of social determinants on health care and surgical outcomes is imperative to improve patient care. This study aims to examine the impact social determinants have on hospital length of stay (LOS) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).

Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database identified patients who underwent PD from 2013 to 2018.

Use of primary surgical drains in synchronous resection for colorectal liver metastases: a NSQIP analysis of current practice paradigm.

Background: There are no studies examining the use of subhepatic drains after simultaneous resection of synchronous colorectal liver metastases (sCRLM). This study aimed to (1) describe the current practices regarding primary drain placement, (2) evaluate drain efficacy in mitigating postoperative complications, and (3) determine impact of drain maintenance duration on patient outcomes.

Methods: The ACS-NSQIP targeted data from 2014 to 2017 were analyzed.

A Quantitative Global Proteomics Approach Identifies Candidate Urinary Biomarkers That Correlate With Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Dysplasia.

Objectives: A proteomic discovery study was performed to determine if urine possesses a unique biosignature that could form the basis for a noninvasive test able to predict intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) dysplasia.

Methods: Urine was collected from patients undergoing surgery for IPMN (72 low/moderate, 27 high-grade/invasive). Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics was performed.

Secretin-induced Duodenal Aspirate of Pancreatic Juice (SIDA): Utility of Commercial Genetic Analysis.

Background: Secretin-induced duodenal aspiration (SIDA) of pancreatic duct fluid has been proposed for pancreatic neoplasm screening in very high-risk patients. We sought to determine the clinical yield and safety of commercially-analyzed SIDA samples in patients at moderately elevated risk.

Patients And Methods: A prospectively maintained institutional database of pancreatic fluid DNA profiles was retrospectively reviewed.

Transient Biliary Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy Increases Risk of Biliary Anastomotic Stricture.

Background: Biliary fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of early postoperative biliary fistula for developing biliary anastomotic stricture after PD.

Methods: Retrospective review of all PD performed for various indications at a single institution between 2013 and 2018.

Operative pancreatic debridement: Contemporary outcomes in changing times.

Background/objectives: Operative pancreatic debridement (OPD) is the historic gold standard for treating necrotizing pancreatitis (NP). Recent success with minimally invasive NP treatment approaches have raised the question of which NP patients require OPD. We therefore sought to define contemporary outcomes of NP patients undergoing OPD.

Preoperative Nomogram Predicts Non-home Discharge in Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenectomy.

Background: In patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy, non-home discharge is common and often results in an unnecessary delay in hospital discharge. This study aimed to develop and validate a preoperative prediction model to identify patients with a high likelihood of non-home discharge following pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods: Patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy from 2013 to 2018 were identified using an institutional database.

Utility of DNA Profiling From Main Pancreatic Duct Fluid by Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography to Screen for Malignant Potential.

Objectives: The yield of genetic testing of main pancreatic duct (MPD) fluid collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) versus endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is unclear.

Methods: Consecutive MPD fluid samples obtained by endoscopic ultrasound/ERCP with DNA profiling were reviewed, excluding specimens designated "no amplification." Invasive disease included invasive cancer or malignant cytology.

Cerebellar Purkinje cell activity modulates aggressive behavior.

Although the cerebellum is traditionally associated with balance and motor function, it also plays wider roles in affective and cognitive behaviors. Evidence suggests that the cerebellar vermis may regulate aggressive behavior, though the cerebellar circuits and patterns of activity that influence aggression remain unclear. We used optogenetic methods to bidirectionally modulate the activity of spatially-delineated cerebellar Purkinje cells to evaluate the impact on aggression in mice.

Two open whipples a day: Excessive or efficient.

Background: Demand for pancreatic surgery is rising, occasionally necessitating consecutive PDs to be performed by a single surgeon in the same workday. The safety of this practice is unknown.

Methods: Institutional prospective ACS-NSQIP data were reviewed for PDs (2013-2017).

Pancreatic Fluid Interleukin-1β Complements Prostaglandin E2 and Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 in Prediction of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Dysplasia.

Objectives: We sought to determine if interleukin (IL)-1β and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (inflammatory mediators in pancreatic fluid) together with serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 could better predict intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) dysplasia than individual biomarkers alone.

Methods: Pancreatic cyst fluid (n = 92) collected via endoscopy or surgery (2003-2016) was analyzed for PGE2 and IL-1β (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Patients had surgical pathology-proven IPMN.

Activity-dependent structural plasticity after aversive experiences in amygdala and auditory cortex pyramidal neurons.

The brain is highly plastic and undergoes changes in response to many experiences. Learning especially can induce structural remodeling of dendritic spines, which is thought to relate to memory formation. Classical Pavlovian fear conditioning (FC) traditionally pairs an auditory cue with an aversive footshock, and has been widely used to study neural processes underlying associative learning and memory.

Sexually divergent expression of active and passive conditioned fear responses in rats.

Traditional rodent models of Pavlovian fear conditioning assess the strength of learning by quantifying freezing responses. However, sole reliance on this measure includes the de facto assumption that any locomotor activity reflects an absence of fear. Consequently, alternative expressions of associative learning are rarely considered.

Collaboration within the M1 aminopeptidase family promotes reproductive success in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Mutations of the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (Psa) orthologs of flies, mice, and plants result in meiotic errors and reduced embryonic viability. Genetic lesions of the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of Psa, pam-1, similarly result in dramatic reductions of worm fecundity. The gonads of animals harboring mutant pam-1 alleles display expanded populations of pachytene germinal nuclei and delayed nucleolar disassembly in the developing oocytes, phenotypes that ultimately hinder embryonic viability and overall brood sizes.