Voicing the lifeworld: Parental accounts of responsibility in genetic consultations for polycystic kidney disease.

When parents, who are carriers of or are affected by a genetic disorder, make decisions about the health risks faced by their children, there may be multiple factors to consider. These may include the medical benefits, the parents' own experiences of learning about their genetic status, and the future autonomy of the child. Health professionals face the challenge of explaining the possible burdens as well as benefits of testing children, while promoting open communication within families about the risk of an inherited condition.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for children at risk of developing urinary tract infection: a systematic review.

Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis in children who have had urinary tract infection (UTI) to prevent further infection is a common practice. The aim of this study is to reduce the development of further renal scarring by the prevention of recurrent acute pyelonephritis.

Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in children who have recovered from a symptomatic UTI and children in whom vesico-ureteric reflux has been identified independent of a history of acute UTI was carried out by systematic search in Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and CINAHL using keywords and thesaurus terms.

Aspects of anaemia management in children with established renal failure (chapter 15).

Despite the universal availability of erythropoietin and intravenous iron, 14% of transplant patients and 30% of dialysis patients have a haemoglobin (Hb) <10.5 g/dl. Only 11% of anaemic transplant patients were receiving erythropoietin.

Growth in children with established renal failure--a Registry analysis (chapter 14).

Short stature is a major problem in paediatric ERF patients with 29% of transplant patients and 41% of dialysis patients below the second percentile for height. Only 6.5% of transplant patients and 15.

Demography and management of childhood established renal failure in the UK (chapter 13).

The incidence and prevalence of ERF in children in the UK are relatively static at 8.0 and 47.7 per million population under the age of 15 years, respectively.

Evaluation of a service development to increase detection of urinary tract infections in children.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: It is suspected that childhood urinary tract infection (UTI) remains under-diagnosed in primary care, and is consequently the cause of subsequent morbidity from renal scarring, hypertension and eventual renal failure. Practice-based education and service developments were undertaken to try to improve the detection of childhood UTI.

Methods: A controlled before-and-after intervention study was conducted.

Demography of paediatric renal care in Europe: organization and delivery.

Background: Members of the European Society of Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) initiated a study of the demography and policy of paediatric renal care among European countries at the end of the 20th century.

Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to the presidents of each of 43 national renal paediatric societies or working groups in Europe. Data on each country's population, income as reflected by its gross national product and infant mortality rate, were obtained from the United Nations.

Renal replacement therapy in children: data from 12 registries in Europe.

In June 2000 the ERA-EDTA Registry office moved to Amsterdam and started collecting core data on renal replacement therapy (RRT) entirely through national and regional registries. This paper reports the pediatric data from 12 registries. The analysis comprised 3,184 patients aged less than 20 years and starting RRT between 1980 and the end of 2000.

Parent's opinions on the diagnosis of children under 2 years of age with urinary tract infection.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) in childhood can be diagnosed in 5% of febrile infants. Renal scarring is associated with increasing numbers of UTI episodes, and the incidence of renal scarring rises with each urinary infection. High levels of awareness of childhood UTI are important among both professionals and parents.

The outcome of pediatric cadaveric renal transplantation in the UK and Eire.

An analysis of all pediatric cadaveric renal transplant recipients in the UK and Eire was undertaken to review the outcomes of pediatric cadaveric renal transplantation and to consider the implications for organ allocation procedures for pediatric recipients. Factors influencing the outcome of 1,252 pediatric cadaveric renal transplants in the UK and Eire in the 10-yr period from 1 January 1986 to 31 December 1995 were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression, including analysis of four distinct post-transplant epochs (0-3 months, 3-12 months, 12-36 months, and beyond 36 months). At the time of analysis (December 2000), 113 (11%) recipients had died and 47% of grafts had failed.