Genetic Risk for Alzheimer Disease and Plasma Tau Are Associated With Accelerated Parietal Cortex Thickness Change in Middle-Aged Adults.

Background And Objectives: Neuroimaging and biomarker studies in Alzheimer disease (AD) have shown well-characterized patterns of cortical thinning and altered biomarker concentrations of tau and β-amyloid (Aβ). However, earlier identification of AD has great potential to advance clinical care and determine candidates for drug trials. The extent to which AD risk markers relate to cortical thinning patterns in midlife is unknown.

Test-Retest Reliability and Efficacy of Individual Symptoms in Concussion Management.

Objective: (1) To determine test-retest reliability of individual Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-Third Edition (SCAT-3) symptom scores and symptom severity scores, (2) to examine the specificity/sensitivity of individual SCAT-3 symptom severity scores acutely (24-48 hours) postconcussion, and (3) to develop a model of symptoms best able to differentiate concussed from nonconcussed student athletes and cadets.

Design: Prospective, longitudinal, and cross-sectional.

Setting: Twenty-six civilian schools and 3 US service academies.

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity is associated with reduced Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in a sample of Vietnam War Veterans.

The goal of the present study was to examine associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, the number of stressors experienced, and cognitive outcomes in a sample of U.S. Vietnam War Veterans (N = 274).

The association between blast exposure and transdiagnostic health symptoms on systemic inflammation.

Chronic elevation of systemic inflammation is observed in a wide range of disorders including PTSD, depression, and traumatic brain injury. Although previous work has demonstrated a link between inflammation and various diagnoses separately, few studies have examined transdiagnostic symptoms and inflammation within the same model. The objective of this study was to examine relationships between psychiatric and health variables and systemic inflammation and to determine whether mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and/or exposure to blast munitions moderate these relationships.

Machine learning identifies novel markers predicting functional decline in older adults.

The ability to carry out instrumental activities of daily living, such as paying bills, remembering appointments and shopping alone decreases with age, yet there are remarkable individual differences in the rate of decline among older adults. Understanding variables associated with a decline in instrumental activities of daily living is critical to providing appropriate intervention to prolong independence. Prior research suggests that cognitive measures, neuroimaging and fluid-based biomarkers predict functional decline.

A comparison of cognitive performance in the Suffolk County cohort and their unaffected siblings.

People diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychoses demonstrate impaired neuropsychological performance. Their unaffected siblings exhibit mild impairments relative to unrelated controls, suggesting genetic and shared environmental risk for psychosis account for some portion of cognitive impairments observed in cases. However, most sibling studies were conducted early in illness course.

Body Mass Index and Polygenic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease Predict Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease.

Body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) although the relationship is complex. Obesity in midlife is associated with increased risk for AD, whereas evidence supports both higher and lower BMI increasing risk for AD in late life. This study examined the influence of individual differences in genetic risk for AD to further clarify the relationship between late-life BMI and conversion to AD.

Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease Moderates the Association Between Medial Temporal Lobe Volume and Episodic Memory Performance Among Older Adults.

Background: A complex set of interactions between biological, genetic, and environmental factors likely underlies the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identifying which of these factors is most associated with AD is important for early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: We sought to examine genetic risk and structural brain volume on episodic memory in a sample of older adults ranging from cognitively normal to those diagnosed with AD.