Effects of acute hypoglycemia on working memory and language processing in adults with and without type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To examine the effects of hypoglycemia on language processing in adults with and without type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Forty adults were studied (20 with type 1 diabetes and 20 healthy volunteers) using a hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp to lower blood glucose to 2.5 mmol/L (45 mg/dL) (hypoglycemia) for 60 min, or to maintain blood glucose at 4.

Moderate hypoglycaemia after learning does not affect memory consolidation and brain activation during recognition in non-diabetic adults.

Introduction: Some aspects of memory performance are impaired during acute hypoglycaemia. The hippocampus is critical to formation of long-term memory, and may be particularly sensitive to hypoglycaemia. This study examined whether moderate hypoglycaemia occurring after learning would disrupt the consolidation process, and used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify accompanying changes in brain activation.

The relationship between type 2 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction: longitudinal studies and their methodological limitations.

Type 2 diabetes and dementia in the elderly are major public health problems. Cross-sectional studies have suggested that these two conditions may be inter-related, but the nature of this association is uncertain. Causation can only be established through studies with a longitudinal design, taking into account the many potential confounding factors in any study of cognition.

Nocturnal hypoglycemia: clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies toward prevention.

Objective: To review the features of nocturnal hypoglycemia and various preventive strategies.

Methods: We discuss the physiologic changes, the potential precipitating factors, the immediate and long-term effects, and the currently available options for treatment of nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes.

Results: Nocturnal hypoglycemia is common in patients with type 1 diabetes and is usually asymptomatic.

Microalbuminuria and mortality in long-duration type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Microalbuminuria is a recognized risk factor for increased mortality and renal failure in type 1 diabetes. Whether it remains a powerful predictor in patients with a long duration of type 1 diabetes is not known. We ascertained the prognostic significance of abnormal urinary albumin excretion in a cohort of patients with at least 30 years of type 1 diabetes.